Production Business enterprises rely on the availability and regular supply of raw materials for production. The menace of insecurity no doubt calls for a new approach that will be founded on credible intelligence gathering. The administration has also pledged an equitable transfer of wealth to the people, which should be implemented. I. the Government of Nigeria declared a state of emergency with the imposition of curfews. Even though on face value, this will seem to be a positive development, I have reason to be cautious and fearful of another political disaster in the SW. Corruption: Many of Nigerias issues are caused by corruption. 3. Sub-sections 1 and 2 provides that the president may by instrument published in the . Corruption has been a big issue in Nigeria for quite some time. Usually, the brakes come on at the last second before contact is made with the incoming object. This can be accomplished by learning one or two different trades. 4 Anambra State - Awka. In this situation, a state of emergency can deepen the unitary structure. To overcome insecurity there is a need for intelligence gathering and surveillance so that law enforcement agents could be proactive and reasonably predict potential crime with near-perfect accuracy rather than being reactive. d. Resource management should be prioritized so that groups like MEND can no longer exist in our country. 0]&AD 8>\`\fx_?W ^a-+Mwj3zCa"C\W0#]dQ^)6=2De4b.eTD*}LqAHmc0|xp.8g.,),Zm> PK ! The burgeoning population has resulted in a slew of new issues, including environmental deterioration and traffic congestion in major cities. Security and development are also related in the sense that being a public good, the imperative to maintain security competes with other public goods such as education, health, and infrastructure for public funds. In Nigeria, there have been major national disasters in the last few years. Large-scale emergencies can result in a state of emergency being declared by a government entity. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. The combined emergency management authorities, policies, procedures, and resources of local, State, and Federal Governments as well as voluntary disaster relief organizations, the private sector, and international sources constitute a national disaster response framework for providing assistance, following a major disaster or emergency. This effort will enhance the operational capabilities of the Nigerian security agencies by identifying avenues that would enable them to respond appropriately to internal security challenges and other threats. 3 Akwa Ibom State - Uyo. EMERGENCY POWERS IN NIGERIA: LEGALAND CONSTITUTIONAL ISSUES Mojeed Olujinmi A. Alabi ABSTRACT This article examines both the legal and constitutional validity of the various actions pertaining to the emergency rule in Plateau State, Nigeria. In the constitutional history of Nigeria, declarations of a state of emergency have always been premised on public order, safety and security concerns. There is also the need to modernize the security agencies with training, intelligence sharing, advanced technology, logistics, motivation, and change of orientation. The Yorubas have had a history of political racality, which is well known throughout Nigeria. Chris Aluta, GMD, Protection plus Services Limited made this assertion while speaking on the topic Security Challenges in Nigeria and the Implications for Business Activities and Sustainable Development said that Security, however, can be described as stability and continuity of livelihood (stable and steady income), predictability of daily life (knowing what to expect), protection from crime (feeling safe), and freedom from psychological harm (safety or protection from emotional stress which results from the assurance of knowing that one is wanted, accepted, loved and protected in ones community or neighborhood and by people around. Our law enforcement agencies must therefore be incorruptible and fair. In the first quarter of 2016, it fell by -13.98 percent. (Section 305 (1) of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (as amended), Cap C23 . 0]&AD 8>\`\fx_?W ^a-+Mwj3zCa"C\W0#]dQ^)6=2De4b.eTD*}LqAHmc0|xp.8g.,),Zm> PK ! I admit that things are bad but not as bad as we are made to believe here! , 8 [Content_Types].xml ( n0'"Nn"RCpmXy$ This generated heated debate about the legitimacy of declaring a state of emergency. More often, however, policymakers are disinclined to isolate and clarify particular causes. effective emergency response. Quantitative data was obtained using . It is, however, subject to abuse. Nigeria has lost large numbers of lives in the Northern region since 2009 to the insurgency of this infamous sect, Boko Haram which has been ravaging the northern region of the country. The administration has also pledged an equitable transfer of wealth to the people, which should be implemented. Despite these efforts, the level of insecurity in the country is still high. In that case, foreign firms and entrepreneurs would decline to invest and this is particularly important in view of the efforts being made to create the desired atmosphere to attract foreign direct investment. Also, this avenue was used to pay tributes to the late Chairman of Protection plus Services limited and Director of the Nigeria South Africa Chamber of Commerce, Dr. Ubong King. Infrastructure: Following other issues such as Boko Haram, infrastructure may appear to be a minor concern, but how can a country advance without a steady power supply? The countrys annual profits have decreased, significantly impacting the countrys population. In Nigeria, litter is strewn across the highways and streets. International monitors witnessed widespread vote box theft in 2007, and while the situation improved in 2011, ballot-rigging remained widespread. A State of Emergency helps: Nigerian authorities must not use the state of emergency imposed in the north of the country as an excuse to commit human rights violations, Amnesty International urged today as the military continued its assault on Islamist armed group Boko Haram.Several people have reportedly been killed and hundreds . The conditions are set out in Nigerias 1999 constitution. Corruption must be combated as a team effort. . But in Nigeria, The federal government controls about 80 percent of the resources in the country, leaving the state and local government at its mercy. Abstract. Lack of skilled personnels: Brain drain has become a common phenomenon today, as our highly skilled professionals are now relocating to countries where there are quality infrastructures to work, great standard of living, and a good pay to match. A nationwide state of national emergency was declared on 25 March 2020 at 12:21pm due to COVID-19 and was extended six times. Small Arms and Light Weapons proliferation and the availability of these weapons have enabled militant groups and criminal groups to have easy access to arms. This is manifested by the incapacity of the government to deliver public services and to provide basic needs for the masses. The governors of Nigeria's 36 states have resolved to declare a state of emergency on rape following a spate of sexual violence against women, according to the Nigerian Governor's Forum (NGF). As the premeditated use or threat of use of violence by an individual or group to cause fear, destruction or death, especially against unarmed targets, property or infrastructure in a state, intended to compel those in authority to respond to the demands and expectations of the individual or group behind such violent acts which has cost 13.4 percent of the world gross domestic product. No. Every kid has the right to an education in a safe and healthy setting. There ought to have been a time to determine a cause; time to close that case; and time to deliver judgment and pass sentences. They apply for jobs, but owing to a lack of credentials, they are not hired. The EiEWG Nigeria is chaired by the Federal Ministry of Education or by the State Ministry of Education (And SUBEBs) at the state levels and co-chaired by UNICEF and Save the Children International. [READ MORE] Embassy Messages Alerts Security Alert - Possible Protests Leading to Elections and Restricted Movements on Election Days - February 25 and March 11 Mon, 13 Feb 2023 Due to the impact of insecurity on businesses, we support the proposition that the government must ensure the availability of public security at all times. Threats likely to cause a declaration of the state of emergency include armed action against the state (such as a coup d'etat), financial crisis, epidemics, natural disasters, or external attacks. All these variables of crimes and social maladies have made the Nigerian security environment to be complex. When the Governor duly proclaims the existence of conditions of disaster or of extreme peril to the safety of persons and property within the state caused by fire, flood, storm, epidemic, technological failure or accident, riot, drought, sudden and severe energy shortage, plant or animal infestation or disease, earthquake, explosion, terrorism, c. All tribes and areas should be treated equally by the government. Unemployment is also one of the key causes of social vices in the country; even graduates have difficulty finding work. SECURITY CHALLENGES IN NIGERIA AND THE IMPLICATIONS FOR BUSINESS ACTIVITIES AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT. Roads are in disrepair due to corruption and misappropriation of public monies Only 67 percent of paved roads and 33 percent of unpaved roads were in good or fair condition in 2011, according to the World Bank. From general observation, most business organizations operating in Nigeria maintain security personnel as well as security infrastructure in order to ensure the security of their properties and the lives of their staff and customers. Insecurity, therefore, becomes a drain on local and national resources at the expense of development and peoples well-being thereby, having adverse consequences on economic growth and development. K= 7 ppt/slides/_rels/slide5.xml.rels Beyond these, it also limits sources of funds to the business. In turn, it minimizes loss. See Reasons. Recommended: How to buy land in Nigeria: Important documents you will need. Political leaders have a history of engaging in corrupt practices. Generally, if there is no peace and security, it is extremely difficult for businesses to survive. Search and rescue (SAR) and disaster management in Nigeria. K= 7 ppt/slides/_rels/slide6.xml.rels Donate now The present ruling administration is not fulfilling its promises, and officials are more concerned with stuffing their wallets than with properly governing. Water resources and railways have similar problems with insufficiency and corruption. One of the general principles is that any decision about an emergency must be done in good faith. j. Solutions to the problems of Nigerian economy. The government should put in place policies that have already been developed, such as a gender policy that aspires to achieve gender equality. 2. It can also lead to temporary suspension of the democratic order and pave the way for the ascendancy of anti-democratic forces. k; 7 ! 1. Methods: descriptive cross-sectional study design was employed to assess availability of each of the aforementioned subgroups of resuscitation devices and drugs, in each primary and secondary healthcare facility in all eighteen (18) Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Cross River State, in Southern Nigeria. Apart from the outright closure of a business enterprise, an existing business can also be affected in the four functional areas of business shown below such as production, marketing, finance, and human resource (H/R). The insecure environment of business refers to insecurity variables that affect the performance of a business but over which the business enterprise has little or no direct control. 019-V#2z`TFi*kgv1#TQ\R{GqZ~'tX"_3`Nei@'v\r(%G%rP]v="C?%0(f_p kbUG9(fTL1&_*"ry3g^CB?' PK ! This definition reflects physical insecurity which is the most visible form of insecurity, and it feeds into many other forms of insecurity such as economic security and social security. Insecurity everywhere is a risk factor that business owners and managers dread and wish to avoid by relocating their businesses elsewhere. Graduates are usually required to live with their parents for lengthy periods, which can lead to discontent and pessimism. This will contribute to the countrys unity and build greater trust among all tribes. What are the problems of development in Nigeria. But the countrys federal system is deeply flawed with power and resources inordinately in control of the central government. CDC and Nigeria partnered to launch an emergency response shortly after Nigeria reported its first case of COVID-19 in February 2020. Frequent and persistent ethnic conflicts and religious clashes between the two dominant religions (Islam and Christianity), present the country with a major security challenge. Nigeria ratified the Siracusa Principles. When a firm is unable to access raw materials needed for production due to insecurity in the source, it can disrupt production activities. In addition to the usual crimes, the coordinated attacks from the Boko Haram sect in the northern part of the country, besides making life miserable for Nigerians, have affected so many businesses operating in that region. Advantages and disadvantages of statelessness. x|J%H7rN`%_rGb@X\v0/t)'.C; th7_w'unVvjJ~ix 53qQmbI+>ocuj6XXj5Lkf`uAvlALk0/!8N>:F'8NpStl!~W,~_7,NgOfO{iT-jkxt-!(mCVx`o! VfpVA/7ev0=_0M)Lc 2. Serial Number: Name Of States:Their Capitals: 1 Abia State - Umuahia. The following additional powers can be exercised under emergency rule: massive deployment of the armed forces to take charge of security in place of the policy, invasion of peoples privacy (including homes and offices). It focuses on the emotional and psychological sense of belonging to a social group that can offer one protection). Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2013, Abuja, Nigeria, and Rockville, Maryland, USA: NPC and ICF International. Consequently, Aluta posited more sustainable development initiatives regarding insecurity are needed in Nigeria and this is imperative, since security is central to development, and the national transformation agenda of the current administration may not be achieved if there is no solution to the menace of insecurity ravaging the country. Nigeria must address its infrastructure challenges by providing adequate financing and clamping down on the misappropriation of public monies intended for infrastructure. The daily massacres, kidnappings, bombings, and rape carried out by Boko Haram throughout the country are quite concerning. Ethno-Religious Conflicts These have arisen from distrust among various ethnic groups and among the major religions in the country. An earlier version of this article appeared in The Guardian newspaper of March 2, 2004 under the title "The State of Emergency Conjecture". Nigerians and foreign watchdog groups describe accounts of candidates using thugs to steal ballot boxes and threaten voters during elections. Read the entire Travel Advisory. The government is responsible for this discourse, which must be conducted in order to keep the country secure. Steps of Perform Emergency Maintenance Effectively, Different ways to reduce Emergency Maintenance Load, Advantages and Disadvantages of Corrective Maintenance (CM), Software Maintenance and Various Software Maintenance Tables, Advantages and disadvantages of Test Driven Development (TDD), Advantages and Disadvantages of Critical Path Method (CPM), Advantages and Disadvantages of Automated Testing, Advantages and Disadvantages of using Spiral Model, Advantages and Disadvantages of Incremental process model. In Nigeria, cases that bother on corruption and insecurity have most often been compromised. The porosity of Nigerias borders has serious security implications for the country. In addition, there should be a complete overhaul of the security institutions in the country to reflect international standards of best practices so as to pre-empt these security breaches. As mentioned above, a lack of preparation can . Samuel is bent on changing the legal profession by building Web and Mobile Apps that will make legal research a lot easier. .( ppt/presentation.xmln0"Q(F. He is also a Developer with knowledge in HTML, CSS, JS, PHP and React Native. Instead, a coordinated preventive measure is necessary for addition to military strategies and judicial institutions. Recommended: Causes, Effects and Solutions to Brain Drain in Nigeria. The power sector is crooked and mismanaged, and many personnel in the energy industry lack the necessary skills and training. Factors hindering the development of Nigeria. In spirit and practice, when a State of Emergency is declared, civil liberties are often at risk. 9. The gross domestic product (GDP) is one of the most important indices of a countrys economic health. A state of emergency is a situation which allows the government to increase powers in the area. ppt/slides/_rels/slide12.xml.rels Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is usually investment targeted at building new factories or investing in actual production activities which create jobs. In order to ameliorate the incidence of crime, the federal government has embarked on the criminalization of terrorism bypassing the Anti-Terrorism Act in 2011, fundamental surveillance as well as investigation of criminal related offenses, heightening of physical security measures around the country aimed at deterring or disrupting potential attacks, strengthening of security agencies through the provision of security facilities and the development and broadcast of security tips in mass media. The Nigerian government requires a rebirth. A State of Emergency, according to state law, can be declared during a situation or imminent threat of widespread or severe damage, injury or loss of life or property, resulting from a natural or man-made cause. Oil spills deplete soil microorganisms and nutrients, which impacts Delta fishing and farming communities as well as the broader economy. Thanks so much, I love the way you broke things down and not just that. Therefore, efforts to tackle insecurity can only be effective if there is a robust combination of legislative and judicial interventions with government reforms that address some of the acute human security challenges confronting a vast majority of the population. There is hardly a day that passes without sorry tales of pre-meditated killings, armed robbery and other crimes and attacks nationwide. 3. 10. He mentioned the following as solutions to the issue of insecurity: Leadership development- It is viewed that Nigeria will have to develop visionary leadership, a leadership that is detribalized such that it has at leadership positions only people who are able to inculcate in their people or followers, the idea of common citizenship as the transcendent factor among all Nigerians, no matter the tribe, gender, religion, economic and social status. Nigeria is the largest black nation in the world, with a current population estimated to be over 200 million. In many countries, the executive arm of the government declares a state of emergency. 0]&AD 8>\`\fx_?W ^a-+Mwj3zCa"C\W0#]dQ^)6=2De4b.eTD*}LqAHmc0|xp.8g.,),Zm> PK ! 200,000 students graduate from colleges each year, yet many struggles to find work and others resort to less-than-honorable ways of subsistence. Insecurity limits market availability. In Nigeria, election tampering is not uncommon. Similarly, in software engineering, there are certain situations that require immediate actions. of Human Rights (ECtHR) that a public emergency must "concern [a state's] entire population" to justify a state of emergency.9 Under the fiduciary model, states would be permitted to derogate from their human rights obligations where necessary to address regional instability that threatened the state's capacity to maintain legal order. Cases of corruption are not meant to be compromised at all, let alone adjourning them endlessly. State governments work with insurers to offer programs that can provide insurance for these individuals. Your email address will not be published. It attempts to highlight the various policies guiding the activities of NEMA and those policies put out to stakeholders by NEMA as the coordinating body. The government is responsible for this discourse, which must be conducted in order to keep the country secure. This negativity is one of the main reasons for crime among Nigerian youth; they turn to illegal activities since they have nothing better to do with their time or money. It is argued that except our values are right, we cannot get it right as a nation in all of the areas that we have itemized, and except we get it right in those areas, the people will continue to suffer deprivation and injustice which will cause dissatisfaction and disaffection and consequently create an insecure environment. Presently, Nigeria has a strong center and a weak component. It is heartbreaking to learn that the government, which was established to strengthen the country and combat corruption, is taking from its citizens. One can say that emergency is a dangerous situation that requires immediate and quick action. Our story is not as bleak as presented here. The essence of this provision is to enable the president to . The general view is that peace and security are determined by good governance. K= 7 ppt/slides/_rels/slide8.xml.rels What are the economic problems that Nigeria is facing, Also see: Countries with the best justice system in the world 2022. For this reason, a federal system of government is the best system of government for a multi-ethnic country. . 500,000 job hopefuls were in a rush to apply for roughly 5,000 openings in Nigerias immigration agency in 2014, and 16 people were murdered in a melee. Work included scaling up laboratories and supporting emergency operations centers to inform public health efforts and policies to help save lives during the pandemic. In fact, it generally reduces lifespan of equipment. Failure of successive administrations in Nigeria to address challenges of poverty, unemployment, and inequitable distribution of wealth among ethnic nationalities is one of the major causes of insecurity in the country. They were too absorbed with reading textbooks to see how what they had learned might be applied. :c7HN|g>c91I@sXdXr1}fr`6'sgJm1TixgLME5+ Required fields are marked *. The Conversation Africas Ogechi Ekeanyanwu asked political science lecturer Uchenna Simeon to explain the circumstances under which a state of emergency can be declared. U$vYL.w-*;-lA We contend that when there is widespread insecurity, it could affect business investment, the entire business organization, or some aspects of its operations which include production, marketing, finance, and human resource (H/R). s Nigeria problem. Education in Nigeria is a major challenge. EiEWG is a coordination forum functioning within the principles and . Many others have also linked security to the governance system. Todays parents utilize their political clout or influence to affect their childrens education. 2 Adamawa - State Yola. Nigerias annual inflation rate rose to 11.23 percent in August 2018, up from 11.14 percent in July, which was higher than the markets forecast of 11.11 percent. Good governance good governance is the panacea for the insecurity challenge in Nigeria. Given the porous borders as well as the weak and security system, weapons come easily into Nigeria from other countries. That this report is coming from a Nigerian saddens my heart. Nigerias Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has been growing at a slow pace in recent years. According to a source, the females were between the ages of 17 and 18. During their schooling, many Nigerian graduates did not learn practical skills. The spread of illness is aided by improperly dumped waste. Nigeria was ranked 144th out of 177 countries on Transparency Internationals Corruption Perception Index in 2013, making it one of the most corrupt countries in the world. Even though the country has been together for almost a century, it has failed to fully integrate. Rural/Urban Drift The migration of jobless youths from rural areas to urban centers is also one of the causes of insecurity in Nigeria. Nigerian education has a significant difficulty. We must strive to get to a level where crimes will be nipped in the bud before they are perpetuated. 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