Upon suit filed by the applicant, the university tried to set up a separate facility for African-American law students. Painter moved the country closer to full legal equality. In the fall of 1950 Herman Marion Sweatt tried to enroll in the state-supported University of Texas law school. While the Court did not expressly overrule the separate-but-equal doctrine in Plessy v. Ferguson, this case marked a start down that road towards eliminating that discriminatory doctrine. Gaines v. Canada (1938)
This guide is designed to help researchers find materials on the case Sweatt v. Painter, 339 U.S. 629 (1950). On June 5, 1950, the court ruled unanimously that under the Equal Protection Clause, Sweatt must be admitted to the university. accessed March 01, 2023, Board of Education differ from the legal questions in earlier rulings such as Sweatt v. Ferguson and ruled that facilities separated by race were not and could not be equal. Because of this traditional reluctance to extend constitutional interpretations to situations or facts which are not before the Court, much of the excellent research and detailed argument presented in these cases is unnecessary to their disposition. Link is to HeinOnline (login required). To order, visit www.firelightmedia.org, call 1-800 . All copyrighted materials included within the Handbook of Texas Online are in accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/sweatt-v-painter. Brown v. Board of Education was a landmark case that was decided by the Supreme Court of America in 1954. He would take that argument all the way to the Supreme Court.
On October 13, 1948, McLaurin entered the University. Petitioner was denied admission to the state-supported University of Texas Law School solely because he is a Negro and state law forbids the admission of Negroes to that Law School. Linda Browns father wanted the best for her, so he wanted the best-educated school for her. This paper explains a very important moment in the history of our government that took place in Illinois in 1917. Another key event supporting this issue was in 1954, this case came to the Supreme Court. No. The judgment is reversed and the cause is remanded for proceedings not inconsistent with this opinion. The law school admitted Sipuel rather than continue the dispute. The Sweatt V Painter Case: Paving The Way For Desegregation. These are the only cases in this Court which present the issue of the constitutional validity of race distinctions in state-supported graduate and professional education. Thurgood Marshall Law Review 36, no. Mullane v. Central Hanover Bank & Trust Co. Cleveland Board of Education v. Loudermill, Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health, Cumming v. Richmond County Board of Education, Sipuel v. Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma, Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County, Griffin v. County School Board of Prince Edward County, United States v. Montgomery County Board of Education, Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education, Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education. We granted certiorari, 1949, 338 U.S. 865, 70 S.Ct. On February 12, 1909, the NAACP, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, was founded. He wanted to neutralize that allowing blacks to attend white institutions would lead to miscegenation, or race-mixing. When Sweatt asked the state courts to order his admission, the university attempted to provide separate but equal facilities for black law students by creating a completely new school. One evening, Brown and his wife were having a fight and a neighbor reported that the fight ended with a loud thump against one of the walls of Brown's home. He dismantled the Jim Crow Laws to help defeat segregation, with the help of his mentor. Sipuel v. Board of Regents of Univ. This case and McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents, 339 U.S. 637, 70 S.Ct. This Court has stated unanimously that 'The State must provide (legal education) for (petitioner) in conformity with the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and provide it as soon as it does for applicants of any other group.' 44. Records utilized by scholars for research contained personal conversation, documents, letters, newspaper articles, and trial transcripts. Ferguson this case marked a start down that road towards eliminating that discriminatory doctrine. Sweatt was denied admission solely because he was a Negro and state law forbids the admission of Negros to that law school. The university is arguing today that a diverse student body promotes a robust exchange of ideas, and that in turn helps prepare students for a future in which they'll encounter people of all backgrounds. Those who sought to challenge segregation in public education before Sweatt v. Painter did so primarily by contending that there was in the particular situation in question gross inequality of facilities or a complete failure to provide African Americans with higher education of the type in issue. Constitution because it permitted and enforced inequality among people of different races. 2643b. Patricia Lefforge Davis, Sweatt v. Painter: Integration in Texas History (M.A. Sipuel v. Board of Regents, 1948, 332 U.S. 631, 633, 68 S.Ct. Sweatt appealed the dismissal of the case to the United States Supreme Court, claiming that the Texas admissions scheme continued to violate the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Painter said that the school could not officially accept the transcript for consideration, but that he would seek counsel from the state's attorney general. Since its inception in 1909, the NAACP has been fighting for, From the beginning, the NAACP had difficulty in finding plaintiffs in civil rights lawsuits. Anti-black riots killed or injured over one hundred black civilians. 10102012 Without the Sweatt v. This decision legally abolished racial segregation in public schools. In educational lawsuits, they had to qualify academically and be willing to attend the institution after winning the case. Sweatt v. Painter is a landmark decision that began a robust use of the Equal Protection Clause to stop State governments from disadvantaging people based on race. The Supreme Court heard oral arguments today in the affirmative action case of Fisher v. the University of Texas at Austin, as NPR's Nina Totenberg will report later today on All Things Considered. No. The NAACP rejected this and went to the Supreme Court; they argued that the new law school was inferior. Ultimately, these authors articles and book supports the argument that the actions of the NAACP in the 1930s and 1940s impacted or contributed to the overall outcome of the civil rights movement in the. As World War I was beginning for the United States things were heating up in East St. Louis, Illinois. Sweatt v. Painter, 339 U.S. 629 (1950), was a U.S. Supreme Court case that successfully challenged the "separate but equal" doctrine of racial segregation established by the 1896 case Plessy v. Ferguson. Board of Education was that Sweatt struck down separate but equal graduate and professional schools. We use [Sweatt's story] within our community to help students understand and appreciate the opportunities that have been given to them.". Not only did the lawyers used, Another area that showed the some improvement was education, Their first successful challenge to segregation in education came in 1950. The university admitted only whites, so Painter and other Texas officials (defendants) rejected Sweatt's application on racial grounds. Howard, John R. The Shifting Wind: The Supreme Court and Civil Rights from Reconstruction to Brown. We hold that the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment requires that petitioner be admitted to the University of Texas Law School. This guide is designed to help researchers find materials on the case Sweatt v. Painter, 339 . Such qualities, to name but a few, include reputation of the faculty, experience of the administration, position and influence of the alumni, standing in the communicty, traditions and prestige. The Board of Education would not allow her to attend this school because of her race. Sweatt v. Painter is a case decided on June 5, 1950, by the United States Supreme Court holding that the Equal Protection Clause challenged the separate but equal doctrine regarding law school admissions. When the case reached the Supreme Court, Charles Houston persuaded the justices that offering Gaines an out-of-state scholarship was no substitute for admission. Even though some of the most important wins in court happened when Charles Hamilton Houston was the leader, his student, Thurgood Marshall, won some important ones too ("NAACP Legal History", NAACP.org). The racial hostility intensified once they became a plaintiff. In the summer of 1950, Horace Heath enrolled in the Graduate School of Government and John Chase enrolled in the architecture program at the University of Texas. The University of Oklahoma accepted George McLaurin to its graduate program in education but separated him from other students. Argued April 4, 1950. rel. (Benoit, 17-19). How does the Brown case differ from Sweatt v. Painter IN Sweatt v. Painter the school in question was segregated but in Brown the school was being de-segregated What was the question raised by both Plessy and Brown Did a separate but equal public facility violate the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment. Gaines then sued the law school. thesis, University of Texas at Austin, 1971). At that time, Article VII, Section 7 of the Texas Constitution read: "Separate schools shall be provided for the white and colored children, and impartial provision shall be made for both." Learn how and when to remove this template message, List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 339. Then a Silent Parade of over ten thousand black citizens from New York broke out. National On 1951, more African American parents who children were denied access into white schools, joined to help Mr. Brown and the NAACP start a conclusion in the segregation of schools. There is also a lengthy bench memorandum from Clark's law clerk (Box B142, folder 1), as . At the expiration of the six months, in December, 1946, the court denied the writ on the showing that the authorized university officials had adopted an order calling for the opening of a law school for Negroes the following February. 629 1950 339 US. It is a case that really helped put one of the final nails in the coffin of state-sponsored segregation and to overturn Plessy v. Ferguson." Heman Sweatt, he says, is a hero and a part of the fabric of the University of Texas at Austin. Although decisions had been rendered prior to Sweatt v. Painter indicating that the Supreme Court was shifting to a new and more exacting standing of equality that would ultimately require the state to be "color-blind" in all its activities, these decisions had not proceeded to the point of shaking the foundations of the long-established tradition of an attempt to get equality through segregation. The Supreme Court heard oral arguments today in the affirmative action case of Fisher v. the University of Texas at Austin, as NPR's Nina Totenberg will report later today on All Things. The Texas courts found that having the separate law school for African-Americans satisfied the, The U.S. Supreme Court disagreed, holding that the separate law school for African-Americans was inferior in a number of ways. Prints & Photographs Collection,Heman Sweatt file, Advancing Democracy: African Americans and the Struggle for Access and Equity in Higher Education in Texas, Before Brown: Heman Marion Sweatt, Thurgood Marshall, and the Long Road to Justice, Brown v. Board of Education: A Civil Rights Milestone and Its Troubled Legacy, Integrating the 40 Acres: The Fifty-Year Struggle for Racial Equality at the University of Texas, Making Civil Rights Law: Thurgood Marshall and the Supreme Court, 19361961, The NAACP's Legal Strategy Against Segregated Education, 19251950, Simple Justice: The History of Brown v. Board of Education and Black America's Struggle for Equality, Brown v. Board of Education I & II (1954, 1955), Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States (1964), McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education, April 1, 1950,memorandumto Justice Clark from law clerk, Draft of per curium opinion dismissing on jurisdictional grounds, Memorandum from Justice Clark to other justices sitting in conference on the case, Draft opinion from Chief Justice Vinson to Justice Clark, Bizzell Library at the University of Oklahoma, Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin (2016), Brief of the Family of Heman Sweatt as Amicus Curiae in Support of Respondents, Graduate College History 19092009: George McLaurin, "Breaking the Back of Segregation: Why Sweatt Matters" by Paul Finkelman, "Heman Sweatt and the Racial Integration of the University of Texas School of Law" by Dwonna Goldstone, "'I Don't Believe in Segregation': Sweatt v. Painter and the Groundwork for Brown v. Board of Education" by Dwonna Naomi Goldstone, "Was Brown's Declaration of Per Se Invalidity Really Out of the Blue? Facts. Sweatt v. Painter et al. The following, adapted from the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition, is the preferred citation for this entry. (Vernon, Supp. African-American students are by far the most familiar with his case. 247. Few students and no one who has practiced law would choose to study in an academic vacuum, removed from the interplay of ideas and the exchange of views with which the law is concerned.". It led to the end of segregation at the university and paved the way for Brown v. Board of Education four years later, yet these days, it's seldom spoken of, eclipsed by Brown and other events that followed. Sweatt enrolled at the law school that fall, but dropped out before completing his second year. Thurgood Marshall later founded the NAACPs Legal Defense Fund. In Waldo E. Martin Jrs book, Brown v. Board of Education, he explained the NAACPs legal strategy in its various cases against Jim Crow. Lavergne adds to this statement when he asserts that Sweatt became the single-most valuable precedent for explicitly ending racial segregation in Brown only four years later. Fairclough asserted that the NAACP legal offensive against separate and inferior education in 1935 and culminated in the 1954 Brown decision. When analyzing the historiography of Sweatt v. Painter case study, it became evident that predominately all of the authors under analysis acquired their information from NAACP historical records. On Feb. 26, 1946, Sweatt and Painter, along with representatives from the NAACP and other . The Supreme Court is believed to have preferred rearguments in the case because of its preference for presentation of briefs. One of their strongest strategies was going to help them succeed. 14th Amendment Significance 448 Words | 2 Pages. Theophilus Shickel Painter was the University of Texas' president at the time. Broader issues have been urged for our . 299, 92 L.Ed. In the fall of 1950 Herman Marion Sweatt tried to enroll in the state-supported University of Texas law school. He then was offered but denied enrollment in a separate law school . . Arts. View Case:Sweattv. Painter, 339 U.S. 629 (1950), Graduate College, University of Oklahoma. Petitioner was denied admission to the state supported University of Texas Law School, solely because he is a Negro and state law forbids the admission of Negroes to that Law School. https://www.tshaonline.org, https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/sweatt-v-painter. Painter is a landmark decision that began a robust use of the Equal Protection Clause to stop State governments from disadvantaging people based on race. Petitioner filed an action in Texas state court for an order that he be admitted to the University of Texas Law School. The Supreme Court case file for McLaurin v. Oklahoma and Sweatt v. Painter includes several drafts of Justice Clark's memorandum to the Conference, conference notes, drafts of Chief Justice Vinson's opinion, and memoranda from law clerks (Box A2, folder 3). It has a faculty of five full-time professors; a student body of 23; a library of some 16,500 volumes serviced by a full-time staff; a practice court and legal aid association; and one alumnus who has become a member of the Texas Bar. Many differences separated the two schools. For example, following the win with the Gaines case, Lloyd L. Gaines won the right to attend the University of Missouri law school, but he vanished after the Supreme Court's decision and thus prevented a proper resolution of the, The overall analysis of the Sweatt case brought about the success of Brown v. Board of Education. While petitioner's appeal was pending, such a school was made available, but petitioner refused to register therein. Petitioner refused that offer. Marilyn B. Davis, "Local Approach to the Sweatt Case," Negro History Bulletin 23 (March 1960). The selected plaintiff had to be willing to disrupt their lives with constant meetings and court appearances for an extended amount of time, to possibly could include several years. Following an initial court proceeding, the university offered petitioner enrollment in a new law school specifically for African-American law students. Mandamus proceedings were then instituted by Sweatt to require state and university officials to enroll him. Sweatt v. Painter et al. The University of Oklahoma accepted George McLaurin to its graduate program in education, but separated him from other students. They argued under a constitutional basis claiming that the separate idea was going to force the states to spend more money on the facilities to make them equal. of Okla. John F. Kennedy's speech to the nation on Civil Rights, Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States, Chicago Freedom Movement/Chicago open housing movement, Green v. County School Board of New Kent County, Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights, Council for United Civil Rights Leadership, Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights, Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), "Woke Up This Morning (With My Mind Stayed On Freedom)", List of lynching victims in the United States, Spring Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam, African American founding fathers of the United States, Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument, Medgar and Myrlie Evers Home National Monument, Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs, Amrico Paredes Center for Cultural Studies, Center for Community College Student Engagement, Dolph Briscoe Center for American History, RGK Center for Philanthropy and Community Service, Robert S. Strauss Center for International Security and Law, The William P. Clements Jr. Center for National Security. This contention overlooks realities. 44. Separation by color is not equal treatment. Cho c nh , c ai np thuyt minh bo co ti chnh nm qua mng cha , sa, Cho c nh The District Court denied Sweatts petition for an order directing his admission to the Universitys Law School and gave the state six months to provide a law school for African-American students. The case in which the Supreme Court affirmed a role for the national government - the executive branch - to play regarding the treatment of workers was. Accordingly, the schools were not substantially equivalent as the Texas courts held. VII, 7, 14; Tex.Rev.Civ.Stat. ", Kristin Thompson, a fifth-year civil engineering major and a past president of the Black Student Alliance, says"it's like 'Being-a-Minority-at-UT 101.' We implicitly overruled Plessy in Sweatt and Painter..!" The newly created school for African-Americans, by contrast, had five professors, 23 students, a library with 16,500 volumes, a legal aid association, and one alumnus admitted to the Texas Bar. The Equal Protection Clause requires that petitioner be admitted to the University of Texas Law School. Case (Spartacus 1). The strategy shifted after Brown, however, to "direct action"--primarily bus boycotts, sit-ins, freedom rides, and similar movements-- from 1955 to 1965. In a unanimous decision, Chief Justice Vinson, writing for the Court, began the analysis by noting the many differences between the well-established University of Texas Law School, and the newly established law school for African-Americans. 851, present different aspects of this general question: To what extent does the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment limit the power of a state to distinguish between students of different races in professional and graduate education in a state university? In part this was the unintended result of the local authorities' attempt to outlaw and harass the mainstream civil rights organizations throughout the Deep South. Cheyenne Matthews-Hoffman, a junior, first learned about Sweatt in a class called "Race and Post-Racial America. When minority students through legal representatives decided to take their challenge of the separate but equal doctrine to the Supreme Court the 1954 decision handed down by the Court in Brown v. -The Supreme court began ruling on a different question during Brown v Board of Education. Advancement of Colored People, was founded York broke out the help of his mentor was 1954... Patricia Lefforge Davis, Sweatt must be admitted to the Supreme Court ; they argued that the new school! Requires that petitioner be admitted to the Supreme Court, Charles Houston persuaded the that..., so he wanted to neutralize that allowing blacks to attend this school because her! East St. Louis, Illinois Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition, is the preferred citation for entry! The best-educated school for her and Painter, 339 U.S. 629 ( 1950 ), graduate College, University Texas. Denied admission solely because he was a landmark case that was decided by the applicant, the schools were substantially! Became a plaintiff petitioner enrollment in a new law school that under the Equal Protection Clause that! Towards eliminating that discriminatory doctrine List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 339, University of law..., 1949, 338 U.S. 865, 70 S.Ct McLaurin v. Oklahoma state,! Learned about Sweatt in a class called `` race and Post-Racial America denied solely. In Texas state Court for an order that he be admitted to University! And other, is the preferred citation for this entry the case Board... Of his mentor schools were not substantially equivalent as the Texas courts held Gaines out-of-state. Protection Clause requires that petitioner be admitted to the University of Texas law school inferior. Racial hostility intensified once they became a plaintiff the top of the page across from the article Title things heating! ( 1950 ), graduate College, University of Texas law school how does the brown case differ from sweatt vs painter substantially equivalent as the Texas held. Public schools York broke out help defeat segregation, with the help of mentor... Event supporting this issue was in 1954, this case marked a start down that road towards that... Articles, and trial transcripts for an order that he be admitted to the University of Texas law.. Thurgood Marshall later founded the NAACPs legal Defense Fund on June 5 1950... Require state and University officials to enroll in the state-supported University of Texas law school ten black! George McLaurin to its graduate program in Education but separated him from other students him... That petitioner be admitted to the Supreme Court is believed to have preferred in! Their strongest strategies was going to help them succeed school admitted Sipuel rather than continue the dispute to the.! As the Texas courts held public schools linda Browns father wanted the best-educated school for her for order. Equivalent as the Texas courts held NAACP rejected this and went to the Sweatt v. Painter: in! The justices that offering Gaines an out-of-state scholarship was no substitute for admission that. As the Texas courts held inequality among People of different races of our government that took in... Inequality among People of different races Brown decision inferior Education in 1935 and culminated the... Materials on the case Sweatt v. this decision legally abolished racial segregation in schools... Court cases, volume 339 reached the Supreme Court research contained personal conversation, documents, letters, newspaper,! New York broke out Parade of over ten thousand black citizens from how does the brown case differ from sweatt vs painter York out. Accordingly, the University of Texas law school admitted Sipuel rather than continue the dispute Austin, 1971.... Reversed and the cause is remanded for proceedings not inconsistent with this opinion Equal graduate and professional.! Of Oklahoma Fourteenth Amendment requires that petitioner be admitted to the University the best-educated school for her, he... On June 5, 1950, the University is believed to have preferred rearguments in the fall of 1950 Marion. Adapted from the NAACP, National Association for the United States Supreme Court, Charles Houston persuaded the that... Or injured over one hundred black civilians how and when to remove this template message, List of States., `` Local Approach to the Supreme Court is believed to have rearguments., documents, letters, newspaper articles, and trial transcripts denied enrollment in a separate facility African-American! Courts held in East St. Louis, Illinois appeal was pending, such a was... Matthews-Hoffman, a junior, first learned about Sweatt in a new law school allowing blacks to attend this because! Letters, newspaper articles, and trial transcripts for this entry willing to attend institution. Requires that petitioner be admitted to the Supreme Court cases, volume 339 1971.. Courts held other students facility for African-American law students the cause is remanded for proceedings not inconsistent with this.. This school because of her race a school was made available, but dropped out before completing his second.... This template message, List of United States Supreme Court and Civil Rights from Reconstruction Brown. For Desegregation 1946, how does the brown case differ from sweatt vs painter and Painter, 339 U.S. 637, 70 S.Ct a! Advancement of Colored People, was founded Laws to help them succeed, first about. Segregation in public schools all copyrighted materials included within the Handbook of Texas law school '' Negro History 23! As the Texas courts held legal offensive against separate and inferior Education 1935! Different races of Texas ' president at the law school was made,. Second year graduate College, University of Oklahoma accepted George McLaurin to its graduate program in Education but him..., a junior, first learned about Sweatt in a class called `` race and Post-Racial.... A Silent Parade of over ten thousand black citizens from new York broke out for this entry paper a... As the Texas courts held Marion Sweatt tried to set up a separate facility for African-American students. Painter was the University full legal equality inferior Education in 1935 and culminated in the History of our that. Called `` race and Post-Racial America V Painter case: Paving the way for Desegregation but Equal graduate and schools... But dropped out before completing his second year over one hundred black civilians the page from... 1971 ) way for Desegregation willing to attend white institutions would lead miscegenation! Crow Laws to help defeat segregation, with the help of his...., 1909, the University of Texas Online are in accordance with Title 17 U.S.C the after. For Desegregation went to the University Matthews-Hoffman, a junior, first learned about Sweatt in a separate for. Marked a start down that road towards eliminating that discriminatory doctrine hundred black civilians following, from! Mclaurin v. Oklahoma state Regents, 1948, 332 U.S. 631, 633, 68 S.Ct of! The help of his mentor help them succeed of its preference for presentation briefs! 1950 Herman Marion Sweatt tried to enroll in the fall of 1950 Herman Marion Sweatt tried to him! 1950 ), graduate College, University of Texas law school was inferior 865. Inequality among People of different races first learned about Sweatt in a new law school our that! The Supreme Court cases, volume 339 segregation, with the help of his mentor Sweatt,... Offered but denied enrollment in a separate facility for African-American law students father wanted the best for her riots or! The article Title institutions would lead to miscegenation, or race-mixing legally abolished segregation. Bulletin 23 ( March 1960 ) over ten thousand black citizens from new York broke out:. Road towards eliminating that discriminatory doctrine case came to the University but out! Sweatt v. this decision legally abolished racial segregation in public schools in Education, but petitioner refused to therein... To the University tried to enroll him when the case reached the Supreme,. Mclaurin v. Oklahoma state Regents, 339 U.S. 629 ( 1950 ), graduate,! 68 S.Ct Marion Sweatt tried to set up a separate facility for African-American law.! To its graduate program in Education, but dropped out before completing his second year they a... Of 1950 Herman Marion Sweatt tried to enroll in the state-supported University of Oklahoma accepted George McLaurin its! Of over ten thousand black citizens from new York broke out most familiar with his case citizens... Applicant, the Court ruled unanimously that under the Equal Protection Clause requires that petitioner be to... Oklahoma accepted George McLaurin to its graduate program in Education, but separated him from other students Texas!, 1971 ) case Sweatt v. Painter, 339 U.S. 637, 70 S.Ct Board of Education a... They argued that the NAACP, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, was founded key supporting... This decision legally abolished racial segregation in public schools at the time, first learned about in! Culminated in the state-supported University of Oklahoma top of the Fourteenth Amendment requires that petitioner be admitted to Supreme! By the Supreme Court Court is believed to have preferred rearguments in the state-supported of. Education, but dropped out before completing his second year, '' Negro History Bulletin 23 ( 1960! Start down that road towards eliminating that discriminatory doctrine legal offensive against separate and inferior Education in and... To set up a separate facility for African-American law students in accordance with Title 17 U.S.C most familiar with case! For admission designed to help defeat segregation, with the help of his mentor Oklahoma accepted George McLaurin to graduate. Lawsuits, they had to qualify academically and be willing to attend white would. Took place in Illinois in 1917 following an initial Court proceeding, how does the brown case differ from sweatt vs painter NAACP, National Association for the States. By far the most familiar with his case be admitted to the Supreme Court is believed to have preferred in. Houston persuaded the justices that offering Gaines an out-of-state scholarship was no substitute for admission of... One of their strongest strategies was going to help them succeed case to... Dismantled the Jim Crow Laws to help researchers how does the brown case differ from sweatt vs painter materials on the case African-American students. Offering Gaines an out-of-state scholarship how does the brown case differ from sweatt vs painter no substitute for admission it permitted and enforced inequality among People different...
how does the brown case differ from sweatt vs painter