The major proposals included a cut and lock at Cranfleet, where the River Soar joins the Trent, a cut, locks and weirs at Beeston, which would connect with the Nottingham Canal at Lenton, and a cut and lock at Holme Pierrepont. This proposal formed the basis for an Act of Parliament obtained in 1783, which also allowed a horse towing path to be built. Pictures & slide show. [81], The principal flood of the 19th century and the second largest recorded, was in October 1875. In. What is the River Trent used for? Failure to raise much of the capital resulted in another Act being obtained in 1887, with similar aims and similar results. [92], The first improvement of the lower river was at Newark, where the channel splits into two. [132][135] One of the most important of these is Attenborough Nature Reserve, a 226-hectare (560-acre) Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) which is visited by wildfowl such as Eurasian wigeon and common teal. In quantity equals not one of yours: [23][77], The largest known flood was the Candlemas flood of February 1795, which followed an eight-week period of harsh winter weather, rivers froze which that meant mills were unable to grind corn, and then followed a rapid thaw. Efird Commercial Real Estate. During lower flows the Trent and its tributaries are heavily influenced by effluent returns from sewage works, especially the Tame where summer flows can be made up of 90% effluent. These villages include West Stockwith and East Stockwith, Owston Ferry and East Ferry, and West Butterwick and East Butterwick. The last bridge over the river is at Keadby where it is joined by both the Stainforth and Keadby Canal and the River Torne. [47], Rainfall in the catchment generally follows topography[48] with the highest annual rainfall of 1,450mm (57in) and above occurring over the high moorland uplands of the Derwent headwaters to the north and west, with the lowest of 580mm (23in), in the lowland areas to the north and east. [125][144][145][146] Seals have been reported up to near the head of the tidal section at Newark. key towns of river bann. The Trent Aegir tidal bore. At Colwick near Nottingham, the average flow rises to 83.8m3/s (2,960cuft/s), due to the combined inputs of the other major tributaries namely the Dove, Derwent and Soar. [29], Land use is predominantly rural, with some three-quarters of the Trent catchment given over to agriculture. There were also negotiations with the London and North Eastern Railway, who were responsible for the Nottingham Canal between Trent Lock and Lenton. [177], Once these early stations reached the end of their functional life, they were usually demolished, although in some cases the sites have been retained and redeveloped as gas fired power stations. [203][204], Although Spenser endowed 'The beauteous Trent' with 'thirty different streams'[d] the river is joined by more than twice that number of different tributaries,[206] of which the largest in terms of flow is the Tame which drains most of the West Midlands, including Birmingham and the Black Country. The river turns north-east where it is joined by its largest tributary, the Tame (which is at this point actually the larger, though its earlier length shorter) and immediately afterwards by the Mease, creating a larger river that now flows through a broad floodplain. Men bound them on the north, or on the south of Trent[111], It is not clear when pollution first became an issue for the River Trent, but in the late 1880s, it had a thriving salmon fishery, with the river producing an annual catch of some 3,000 fish, a decade later, this had fallen to 100. These lower reaches are protected from tidal flooding by a series of floodbanks and defences. The two locks at Cromwell became one, capable of holding eight Trent barges, dredging equipment was updated, and several of the locks were mechanised. [31][32][33], Elsewhere there is a distinct contrast between the open limestone areas of the White Peak in the Dove catchment, and the large woodland areas, including Sherwood Forest in the Dukeries area of the Idle catchment, the upland Charnwood Forest, and the National Forest in the Soar and Mease drainage basins respectively. [48][50] From Syresham in central England, the Great Ouse flows into East Anglia before entering the Wash, a bay of the North Sea. [83] In Newark the water was deep enough to allow four grammar school boys to row across the countryside to Kelham. [142], One of the more unusual ecological sites is Pasturefields nature reserve near Hixon, an inland saltmarsh, which is a rare habitat for the UK. [89], The Trent and Mersey Canal was authorised by Act of Parliament in 1766, and construction from Shardlow to Preston Brook, where it joined the Bridgewater Canal, was completed by 1777. There are many fishing clubs that use the river, with catches including barbel, bream, carp, chub, dace, pike, and roach. Wilmington, North Carolina, United States. [37][39], The low range of hills, which have been formed into a steep set of cliffs overlooking the Trent between Scunthorpe and Alkborough are also made up of mudstones, but are of the younger Rhaetic Penarth Group. The tipping point being the introduction of piped water and a basic sewer network, which meant that effluent, which was previously stored in cesspits, was carried away through drains into the nearest brook.[112][113]. [116][165], Bridges over the river were created in Saxon times at Nottingham at least (and for a time just north of Newark at Cromwell, although it is not known how long that bridge site lasted), and formed major centres of trade and military importance. February27February 27, 2023. key towns of river bann. The Trent is the third-longest river in the United Kingdom. The flood marks at Girton show that this flood was only 4 inches (100mm) lower than that of 1795, when the village was flooded to a depth of 3 feet (0.91m). [105] The funnel shape of the river mouth exaggerates this effect, causing a large wave to travel upstream as far as Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, and sometimes beyond. The cost of improvements was too great for the old company, and so an Act of Parliament was obtained in 1884 to restructure the company and raise additional capital. [72], Warp was also used as a commercial product, after being collected from the river banks at low tide, it was transported along the Chesterfield Canal to Walkeringham where it was dried out and refined to be eventually sold as a silver polish for cutlery manufacturers. At this point the River Sow joins it from Stafford. The Nottingham and Gainsborough Railway offered 100 per share during 1845, but this was rejected. At 188 by 30 feet (57.3 by 9.1m), Cromwell lock could hold a tug and three barges, and was opened on 22 May 1911. The total length is 80 miles (129 km). Many of the connecting waterways were bought by railway companies, and gradually fell into disrepair. River Trent through Nottingham. The Trent now flows south-east past the town of Rugeley until it reaches Kings Bromley where it meets the Blithe. [17] Farther downstream at Hemington, archaeologists have found the remains of a medieval bridge across another abandoned channel. [59], The River Soar which drains the majority of the county of Leicestershire, could also be considered as the second largest tributary, as it has a larger catchment area than the Dove or Derwent, but its discharge is significantly less than the Derwent, and lower than the Dove. The last point of measurement is North Muskham here the average flow is 88.4m3/s (3,120cuft/s), a relatively small increase due to the input of the Devon, and other smaller Nottinghamshire tributaries. [95], Increased running costs after the First World War could not be met by increasing the tolls, as the company had no statutory powers to do so, and so suggested that the Ministry of Transport should take over the navigation, which they did from 24 September 1920. The transport of petroleum provided a welcome increase to trade on the river, but little more work was performed before the beginning of the First World War. [178] At one time these sites provided a quarter of the electricity needs of the UK, giving rise to the epithet 'Megawatt Valley'. The recall covers certain Rogues from the 2014 through 2020 model years, as well as Rogue Sports from 2017 through 2022. [47][148] More definitive finds from the medieval period were also found at this site and near Colwick. [29]:29[35], The less populous rural areas are offset by a number of large urbanised areas including the conurbations of Stoke-on-Trent, Birmingham and the surrounding Black Country in the West Midlands; and in the East Midlands the major university cities and historical county seats of Leicester, Derby and Nottingham. The two arms recombine at Crankley Point beyond the town, where the river turns due north to pass North Muskham and Holme to reach Cromwell Weir, below which the Trent becomes tidal. It is 50 miles (80 km) [1] long and is a tributary of the River Trent, which it joins south of Derby. Flows measured at Nottingham were exceptionally low by the end of August, and were given a drought return period of greater than one hundred years. The canal connects the Trent to the Potteries and on to Runcorn and the Bridgewater Canal. The documentary "Guardians of the Grasslands" has now evolved into an online game for students in Grade 7 to 10. [56] On the southern fringes of Stoke, it passes through the landscaped parkland of Trentham Gardens.[11]. [29][30], A distinctive feature of the catchment is the marked variation in the topography and character of the landscape, which varies from the upland moorland headwaters of the Dark Peak, where the highest point of the catchment is the Kinder Scout plateau at 634 metres (2,080ft); through to the intensively farmed and drained flat fenland areas that exist alongside the lower tidal reaches, where ground levels can equal sea level. To the north of Farndon, beside the Staythorpe Power Station the river splits, with one arm passing Averham and Kelham, and the other arm, which is navigable, being joined by the Devon before passing through the market town of Newark-on-Trent and beneath the town's castle walls. [46]:3647 Four of these main tributaries, including the Dove and Derwent which drain the upland Peak District, all join within the middle reaches, giving rise to a comparatively energetic river system for the UK. Hayne subsequently scuppered a barge in King's Lock, and for the next eight years goods had to be transhipped around it. Although not quite as large as 1795 this flood devastated many places along the river, at Burton upon Trent much of the town was inundated, with flooded streets and houses, and dead animals floating past in the flood. [151], The largest of those listed was the sturgeon, which at one time were caught in the Trent as far upstream as King's Mill, but only in low numbers. From its source in the Plynlimon Mountains in west Wales, the River Severn flows through the West Midlands counties of Shropshire, Worcestershire and Gloucestershire Wales (Powys) Llanidloes(165m above sea level) Caersws Newtown(103m above sea level) Welshpool(70m above sea level) England Shropshire Shrewsbury(county town and historic city) At Newark, cargo such as wool, coal, grain and timber was unloaded on the wharves and stored in warehouses. [91], Users of the Trent and Mersey Canal, the Loughborough Canal and the Erewash Canal next demanded major improvements to the river down to Gainsborough, including new cuts, locks, dredging and a towing path suitable for horses. Rainfall is Annual Average 196190 for the catchment to the Gauging Station, Tributary names from Ordnance Survey maps added where list amalgamated river reaches, River Order 1 being closest to Trent Falls, Ripper, S. and Cooper L.P., 2009, The Hemington Bridges: "The Excavation of Three Medieval Bridges at Hemington Quarry, Near Castle Donington, Leicestershire", Leicester Archaeology Monograph, Holme Pierrepont National Watersports Centre, National Watersports Centre at Holme Pierrepont, "Historical channel-floodplain dynamics along the River Trent", "Midlands Catchment Flood Management Plans", "University of Wales Trinity Saint David", "The Trent Valley: palaeochannel mapping from aerial photographs", "Stanhope, Sir Thomas 1540-96 of Shelford", "River Trent Catchment Flood Management Plan Chapter 2", "Environment Agency What's in your Backyard", "River Trent Catchment Flood Management Plan Chapter 3", "Geological Evolution of Central England with reference to the Trent Basin and its Landscapes", "The BGS Lexicon of Named Rock Units Gunthorpe member", "The Lower and Middle Palaeolithic Occupation of the Middle and Lower Trent Catchment and Adjacent Areas, as Recorded in the River Gravels used as Aggregate Resources", "River Trent: Archaeology and Landscape of the Ice Age", "The BGS Lexicon of Named Rock Units - Trent Valley Formation", "River Trent Catchment Flood Management Plan Chapter 2 Part1", "River Trent Catchment Flood Management Plan Scoping Report, Part 5", "28095-Tame at Hopwas Bridge Spatial Data Rainfall", "Climate tables Climate region:England 1961-90", "Hi flows UK AMAX Data for: Trent at Colwick (28009)", "1947 U.K. River Floods:60-Year Retrospective", "Hi Flows UK AMAX Data for: Trent at Stoke (28040)", "Hi Flows UK AMAX Data for: Trent at Great Haywood (28006)", "Hi Flows UK AMAX Data for: Trent at Yoxall (28012)", "Hi Flows UK AMAX Data for: Trent at Drakelow (28019)", "Hi Flows UK AMAX Data for: Trent at Shardlow (28007)", "Hi Flows UK AMAX Data for: Trent at North Muskham (28022)", "Willington C Gas Pipeline Environmental Statement, Volume 1, Chapter 7, Hydrology, Hydrogeology and Flood Risk Assessment", "Alluvial Archaeology in the Vale of York", "Chesterfield Canal Trust History of the Restoration", "Nottingham Left Bank Flood Alleviation Scheme Flood Risk Assessment", "Reassessing flood frequency for the River Trent through the inclusion of historical flood information since AD1320", "County floods remembered by Nottinghamshire Archives and Picture the Past", "Hull and north Lincolnshire floods clean-up begins", "East Staffordshire Strategic Flood Risk Assessment Level 1 Report", "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)", British Waterways, River Trent Water Freight Feasibility Study, p11, "Ports and wharves of North Lincolnshire", "Freighter-Celtic-Endeavor-aground-and-refloated". [37], Sand, gravels and alluvium deposits that overlie the mudstone bedrock occur almost along the entire length of the river, and are an important feature of the middle and lower reaches, with the alluvial river silt producing fertile soils that are used for intensive agriculture in the Trent valley. [77][170], When bridge construction resumed, toll bridges were often constructed on the site of ferry routes. The most important in terms of the river are the extensive sandstone and limestone aquifers that underlie many of the tributary catchments. The Aegir cannot travel much beyond Gainsborough as the shape of the river reduces the Aegir to little more than a ripple, and weirs north of Newark-on-Trent, Nottinghamshire, stop its path completely. [156] Competition from other fisheries such as well stocked ponds and lakes with better amenities and more consistent catches of fish also meant a reduction in the appeal of fishing the Trent. The river then continues south through the market town of Stone, and after passing the village of Salt, it reaches Great Haywood, where it is spanned by the 16th-century Essex Bridge near Shugborough Hall. This ranges from moorland grazing of sheep in the upland areas, through to improved pasture and mixed farms in the middle reaches, where dairy farming is important. [2] Throughout its course, the river mostly flows through the Peak District and its foothills. [106] In addition to this, the University of Oxford was formerly divided into a northern nation and a southern nation, the former consisting of English people north of the River Trent and the Scots and the latter consisting of English people south of the Trent, the Irish, and the Welsh.[107][108]. [59][66], The Trent has marked variations in discharge, with long term average monthly flows at Colwick fluctuating from 45m3/s (1,600cuft/s) in July during the summer, and increasing to 151m3/s (5,300cuft/s) in January. It was a Viking winter camp. The otters and non-native American mink also use the river as wildlife route. Due to the size of the flood and the ice entrained in the flow, nearly every bridge along the Trent was badly damaged or washed away. The residents of the town wanted to increase the use of the branch nearest to them, and so an Act of Parliament was obtained in 1772 to authorise the work. Using invertebrates as an indicator of pollution levels, it was appropriately named the Trent Biotic index. These cities lie on the river Trent: Stoke-on-Trent. The central arches of the medieval Swarkestone bridge were knocked out by the great flood of 1795 and rebuilt, but the bridge's more rural location allowed large portions of the medieval bridge to survive and remain in use today. This led to increased investment, the closure of older and smaller works, with sewage treatment being combined at larger modern works such as Strongford and Minworth. Today, exploring the lovely old riverside buildings provides a great family day out. [115][123], The improvements in water quality along the Trent were recorded through the chemical monitoring of the river from the 1950s. In 2000 similar conditions occurred again, with above average rainfall in the autumn being followed by further rainfall, producing flood conditions in November of that year. It flows through and drains the North Midlands. the river flowed over major road routes. The programme of monitoring also extended to taking biological samples, and one of the first biotic indices used for assessing the ecological rather than the chemical quality of rivers was developed by the local river board in the 1960s. Others trips run from Newark castle, and two converted barges; the Newark Crusader and Nottingham Crusader, provide river cruises for disabled people via the St John Ambulance Waterwing scheme. members of the crew were seized with pains in the chest. Navigation was then extended to Wilden Ferry, near to the more recent Cavendish Bridge, as a result of the efforts of the Fosbrooke family of Shardlow. [112] The collapse of the fishery was due to the rapid population increase of the towns that developed following the Industrial Revolution. These levels extend across the Trent valley, and include the lower reaches of the Eau, Torne and Idle. Up to 0.3 metres (1ft) of deposition could occur in a single season, and depths of 1.5 metres (5ft) have been accumulated over time at some locations. In an attempt to improve the situation, the company toyed with the idea of cable-hauled steam tugs, but instead purchased a conventional steam dredger and some steam tugs. [26] This took place in 1593 so would have been a contemporary topic in the Shakespearean period. The tidal bore (or large wave) on the River Severn in England is famous, but fewer people know of the Trent Aegir, the tidal bore on the River . These include recreational water activities, and once rehabilitated, as nature reserves and wetlands. Over the study period the returns revealed that there was a variation in the species caught, with a shift from roach and dace based catches, to one of chub and bream, a change that was perceived by anglers to represent a serious detriment to the fishery. Further north at Littleborough is the site of the Roman town of Segelocum, where a Roman road once crossed the river. [202], Organised trips on cruise boats have long been a feature of the Trent, at one time steam launches took passengers from Trent Bridge to Colwick Park, similar trips run today but in reverse, starting from Colwick and passing through Nottingham they use boats known as the Trent Princess and Trent Lady. The river originates from Staffordshire, west Midlands of England, on the southern edge of Biddulph Moor. Connecting waterways were bought by Railway companies, and once rehabilitated, as reserves! 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