Cystic Fibrosis is caused by a single faulty gene that controls the movement of salt in the body [4].Symptoms of Cystic FibrosisLungsIn a healthy person, there is a constant flow of mucus over the surfaces of the air passages in the lungs. The chloride channel is made from a protein called, (CFTR) protein. Nanoniosomes were not effective in vitro against, In conclusion, even if nanomedicine is a powerful tool used to successfully treat many diseases, only a few studies have been established to treat. Dickey, S.W. ; Sangen, J.; Wuest, A.W. The topic also allows for discussion of the social and ethical issues surrounding the genetic screening for genetic conditions. Nontuberculous mycobacterial infections in cystic fibrosis. Some of the key biological topics are covered in topic 2 of the Pearson Edexcel A-level Biology A (Salters Nuffield) course and include the transport of materials across cell membranes, DNA structure and replication, protein synthesis and monohybrid inheritance. Emended description of, Johansen, M.D. ; Piana, M.; Dos Santos Siqueira, F.; da Silva Jesus, R.; Athayde, M.L. ; Stanley, G.; Modak, M.; Koff, J.L. Griffith, D.E. This disrupts the essential balance of salt and water that is needed to maintain a normal thin coating of fluid and mucus inside the lungs, pancreas, and passageways in other organs. Bento, C.M. In CF, the inherited CF gene directs the body's epithelial cells to produce a defective form of a protein called CFTR. Use of artificial intelligence in the design of small peptide antibiotics effective against a broad spectrum of highly antibiotic-resistant superbugs. * A gene is a sequence of bases on DNA that codes for the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide In CF, the inherited CF gene directs the body's epithelial cells to produce a defective form of a protein called. Edexcel A-Level Biology alevelbiology.co.uk Topic 2: Genes and Health SPECIFICATION . Graeber, S.Y. 2.12: Know that a gene is a sequence of bases on a DNA molecule that codes for a sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain When both parents are carriers, there is a one in four chance of having a child with CF, a one in two chance of having a child who is a carrier and a one in four chance of having an unaffected child. Edexcel GCE Biology Advanced Subsidiary Unit 1: Lifestyle, Transport, Genes and Health Tuesday 12 January 2010 - Morning Time: 1 hour 30 minutes . ; Neves, R.C. This shows a section through the cell membrane of a lining (epithelial) cell. If you would like to see the quality of the lessons, download the gas exchange surfaces, cell membranes, transcription, globular and fibrous proteins, monohybrid inheritance and cystic fibrosis lessons as these have been shared for free. The 20 lesson PowerPoints and accompanying resources contain a wide range of activities which cover the following topic 2 specification points: - Tests not 100% accurate - false result AMPs are short polypeptides, generally smaller than 100 amino acids, which are rich in lysin, arginine, and hydrophobic residues, and show antibacterial activity and immunomodulatory properties [, Recent studies demonstrated the efficacy of some AMPs against, For example, RP557 is an AMP, designed with the iterative chemical structure of the human cathelicidin LL-37, that showed a broad-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal activity (, Non-Disulfide-Bridge-Peptide 5.5 (NDBP-5.5) is an amphipathic molecule derived from the, Polydim-I (AVAGEKLWLLPHLLKMLLTPTP) is an AMP isolated from the poison of the Brazilian wasp, Polybia-II (WLKLGKMVIDAL) is another AMP isolated from the poison of the wasp, All the studies regarding the use of AMPs against MABSC [, Organic and inorganic nanoparticles (gold, silver etc. This can put a person with cystic fibrosis at risk of getting bacterial chest infections. Bacteriophage therapy for infections in CF. Answers > Biology > A Level > Article Explain how cystic fibrosis affects digestion, gas exchange and reproduction. Di, A.; Brown, M.E. For instance, the simultaneous presence of several redundant VFs in some species could only be addressed by the combined use of different compounds. How many people would you expect to have the disease in a population of 100,000? She has 8 years of classroom experience teaching Key Stage 3 up to A-Level biology, and is currently a tutor and A-Level examiner. As well as explaining that this channel allows chloride ions to flow across the apical membrane of the epithelial cells, time is taken to emphasise the importance of its inhibition on the ENaC, which prevents the flow of sodium ions back into the cells. ; Barry, C.E., 3rd. * The meaning of key genetic terms The abnormal gene that causes CF is found on chromosome number 7. One possible drawback is the extreme specificity of phages in targeting bacteria; thus, bacterial susceptibility is needed prior to choosing the suitable phage(s) [, Furthermore, a variation in MABSC phage susceptibilities was found [, The most important issue to solve is the possible resistance to phages induced by the treatment. Cutting, G.R. Kortright, K.E. ; Brown-Elliott, B.A. These enzymes break down the fat. Phage Therapy: A Renewed Approach to Combat Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria. 30 terms. Mucus is normally slippery and protects the linings of the airways, digestive tract, and other organs and tissues. 3.12: Understand how cells become specialised through differential gene expression, producing active mRNA leading to synthesis of proteins, which in turn control cell processes or determine cell structure in animals and plants, including the lac operon ; Gomes, M.S. At the same time, the development of new. https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess. registered in England (Company No 02017289) with its registered office at Building 3, ), as well as hybrid nanoparticles (micelles, nanocarriers, carbon nanotubes and nano-sponges, polymerosomes, etc. Due to the detailed content of this lesson, it is estimated that it will take in excess of 3 hours of allocated A-level teaching time to cover. ; Bourne, S. Phage as an antimicrobial agent: dHerelles heretical theories and their role in the decline of phage prophylaxis in the West. Membranes, proteins, DNA and gene expression represent some of the most important structures, molecules and processes involved in this subject and a deep understanding of their role in living organisms is important for a student's success. Then determine whether each is a need or a want. If you have cystic fibrosis, this mucus is excessively thick and sticky and cannot perform this role properly. ; Brozek, J.; Griffith, D.E. Posted 11:31:53 AM. Join over 22,000 learners who have passed their exams thanks to us! ; Ford, K.; Harris, K.; Gilmour, K.C. ; writingreview and editing, D.R., G.S., D.L.G., A.S., L.R.C., G.D. and M.R.P. Plant Structure & Function, Biodiversity & Conservation, 4.3 Starch & Cellulose: Structure & Function, 4.6 Core Practical 7: Identifying Tissue Types Within Stems, 4.7 Plant-Based Products for Sustainability, 4.9 Core Practical 8: Determining the Tensile Strength of Plant Fibres, 4.11 Plant Products with Antimicrobial Properties, 4.12 Core Practical 9: Antimicrobial Properties of Plants, 4.17 Species Richness & Heterozygosity Index, 4.21 Roles of Seed Banks & Zoos in Conservation, 5. * The process of protein synthesis Cystic fibrosis makes peoples lifes harder because it not curable at the moment, you can use medication to stop the pain of Cystic Fibrosis. Less than half the price of our monthly plan. The site of infection may also play a role in the expression of VFs, varying it accordingly [, Despite these limitations, currently, AVT compounds against, To understand bacteria from a pathophysiological perspective, it may be important to obtain information on both the complete sets of causative genetic variants and the complex genegene (or epistatic) interactions [, Among the most recent discoveries, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are becoming an increasingly promising weapon against bacterial infections. This research was funded by the Italian Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, grant number FFC#18/2021 (adopted by Delegazione FFC Ricerca di Codogno e Piacenza, Delegazione FFC Ricerca di Rovigo, Delegazione FFC Ricerca di Belluno, Nonno Nanni Latteria Montello), and FFC#5/2022 (adopted by: Gruppo di sostegno FFC Ricerca Miriam ColomboOspedaletti; Gruppo di sostegno FFC Ricerca di GradoGorizia; Gruppo di sostegno FFC Ricerca di Benevento; Delegazione FFC Ricerca di Monterotondo Roma; Delegazione FFC Ricerca di Vigevano; Delegazione FFC Ricerca di Trieste; Delegazione FFC Ricerca di Sassari Castelsardo; Delegazione FFC Ricerca di Moncalvo; Delegazione FFC Ricerca di Lecce). ; Trentini, M.M. -Stressful and expensive The lack of effective therapeutic solutions for MABSC infections worsens the life quality and expectancy of CF individuals, representing both a diagnostic and a treatment dilemma. ; Switzer, B.; Hoke, T.; Moran, D.; Narayanasamy, P. In vitro efficacy of free and nanoparticle formulations of gallium(III) meso-tetraphenylporphyrine against. Wright, A.; Hawkins, C.H. If you have cystic fibrosis, this mucus is excessively thick and sticky and cannot perform this role properly. ; Garlena, R.A.; Russell, D.A. Cystic Fibrosis Mutation Database. However, the potential for impairment of essential immune functions by HIF-1 (hypoxia-inducible factor 1) inhibition demands a better comprehension of downstream hypoxia-dependent pathways that are amenable for manipulation. In writing, describe what conclusions you can reach about yourself. Clear and accessible assessments. ; Essi, L.; de Campos, M.M.A. ; Deriy, L.V. Development and use of personalized bacteriophage-based therapeutic cocktails to treat a patient with a disseminated resistant. You are accessing a machine-readable page. ; Magombedze, G.; Srivastava, S.; Deshpande, D.; Gumbo, T. Systematic review and meta-analyses of the effect of chemotherapy on pulmonary, Chen, J.; Zhao, L.; Mao, Y.; Ye, M.; Guo, Q.; Zhang, Y.; Xu, L.; Zhang, Z.; Li, B.; Chu, H. Clinical Efficacy and Adverse Effects of Antibiotics Used to Treat, Nash, K.A. Cystic fibrosis: A clinical view. About 1 in 22 of the white population in the UK have the CF mutation on one of the pair of number 7 chromosomes. Plants and fungi extracts are largely used in medicine as antimicrobials, such as penicillin. ; Roquet-Banres, F.; Herrmann, J.L. Choi, S.R. Dedrick, R.M. CFTR is a type of protein classified as an ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporter or traffic ATPase. I have come to the end of my case study hope you enjoyed it, thank you. * The formation of polypeptides and proteins Less than half the price of our monthly plan. ; Harris, M.; Blay, J.Y. - 10-20% of a mother's DNA is the embryos, 'the greatest good for the greatest number', traditional virtues: justice, prudence (wisdom), temperance (moderation), fortitude (courage), faith, hope and clarity, A-Level Biology Edexcel A (Salters) : 1 - Lif, AQA A Level Chemistry - Organic Synthesis, AQA A Level Chemistry - Iodine Clock Reaction, AQA A Level Psychology - Relationships d - Fi. Cystic fibrosis affects over 7,500 people in the UK [2]. 1996-2023 MDPI (Basel, Switzerland) unless otherwise stated. A Level Biology - YouTube For A Level Biology, this video explains what cystic fibrosis is. In conclusion cystic fibrosis is genetic and if you have this disease you dont have long to live with an average life expectancy of 32. This website and its content is subject to our Terms and These drugs, which are called CFTR protein modulators, are able to restore CFTR function to a level of about 4050% of normal [, However, opportunistic infections remain the main issue for CF individuals, with those from NTM increasing alarmingly [, The therapy for pulmonary MABSC infections remains extremely difficult, being resistant to aminoglycosides, rifamycins, tetracyclines, and -lactams [, Therefore, it is necessary to continue to find alternatives to curb this problem. Biology - YouTube for a Level Biology - YouTube for a Level -! You have cystic fibrosis, this mucus is excessively thick and sticky and can not perform this properly... M. ; Koff, J.L Biology alevelbiology.co.uk topic 2: Genes and Health SPECIFICATION therapeutic cocktails to treat a with... Over 22,000 learners who have passed their exams thanks to us in a population 100,000! 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