While felicitating, Dr.K.Veeramani proudly said, the dignitaries are the products of the labourious contributions of the Dravidian Movement. He was one of the founders of the Justice Party in 1916 along with C. Natesa Mudaliar, Dr. T. M. Nair. endstream endobj 32 0 obj <> endobj 33 0 obj <> endobj 34 0 obj <>stream 9qrA8 !0,Cx7%b1|(`JIM&c0lHb1VUaqr/GQB& >p_N}-"W_+b=_zEkb /4w. The Non-Brahmin Manifesto was issued by a) C.Natesan b) Pitty Theyagarayar c) T.M.Nair d)Raja of Panagal. In spite of the singular solicitude, which for reasons not apparent, the Department of Education has been showing for the education of Brahmin girls and especially of Brahmin widows as if the Brahmins were IA backward class, the percentage of literates among the women of such non-Brahmin communities as the Nayars is higher than among the Brahmins. Periyar blessed me to come up in the career ladder further and told, You have to design your future in the career. Be bold at the hours of crisis without any wavering. This piece of advice-wish of Periyar still remains greenish in me. In 1914 a new Secretary ship to Government was created, and a Brahmin official was forthwith appointed to it, The Indian Secretary to the Board of Revenue is a Brahmin; and of the two Collectorships open to the members of the Provincial Civil Service, that, which has fallen to the share of the communities other than the Muhamnadan, has nearly always gone to a Brahmin official. If, occasionally, a fair minded ruler endeavours to correct the inequality arising from the preponderance of Brahmins on any public body by having recourse to nominations of individuals from comparatively unrepresented interests, he is severely criticised in the Brahmin press. Chetty, as secretary of the Association, issued *The Non-Brahmin Manifesto; surveying the conditions of the non-Brahman community and point ing out the directions for advancement. %PDF-1.5 It is curious to note that even where competitive examinations did not exist, as for instance in the Subordinate Judicial Service of the presidency, the major portion of the appointments was in the hands of the Brahmins, Sir Alexander Cardew stated that, out of 128 permanent District Munsiffs in 1913, 93 were Brahmins, 25 non-Brahmin Hindus and the rest Muhammadans, Indian Christiane, Europeans and Anglo-Indians, From these and other figures of a like nature, he naturally concluded that an open competition for the Civil Service in India would mean almost complete monopoly of the service by the Brahmin caste and the practical exclusion from it of the non-Brahmin classes. Not satisfied with the possession of the key to the present political position, the radical politicians of this presidency, who are apparently never as happy as when they ask for fresh political concessions, irrespective of their suitability to the existing conditions, now ask for Home Rule, and from previous experience, we fear that, if a discordant note is not sounded at the proper time, it will, of course, be made out that all India is keen about Home Rule. Social Justice Reservation is vital for the uplift of the downtrodden who were oppressed socially for so many centuries. stream position in the country and their respective numerical strength, should be given a more effective voice in the management of her affairs, that she should be given fiscal freedom and legislative autonomy in matters affecting her domestic policy and economic position, and that, lastly, she must be accorded a place in the Empire conducive to the sense of self respect of her children as British subjects and not inferior in dignity and power to that occupied by any self-governing colony. Tamil Nadu's public institutions have been exorcised of the Brahmin ghost and are now ruled by non-brahmins and non-Dalits. For, while it was true that the term non-Brahmin had been used occasionally since the late nineteenth century in the Madras Presidency, a manifesto a declarative modern form of announcing a political intent in the name of the non-Brahmin symbolized desires of a different order altogether. 0000013093 00000 n The Non-Brahmin Manifesto was released outlining its objectives viz., reservation of jobs for non-Brahmins in government service, and seats in representative bodies. 19 0 obj <> endobj 3 0 obj On 1919 January 1, the title Dewan Bahadur was awarded to him The Non-Brahmin Manifesto", issued in December 1916 by the Association's Secretary, Theagaraya Chettiar defined "the attitude of the several important non-Brahmin Indian communities in this presidency towards what is called "The Indian Home Rule Movement.". It is stated that "the Dravidian Movement in Tamil Nadu can be dated to begin from December 1916 when the Non-Brahmin Manifesto was released. H\n0)MZ)d8)R!uA",|/vmwg}Xq.5viUi[9x,SV&/Ku?c}x26Ga\LaLv>[6SaBlSBz5Yec^{duYg![F~SBXf 0000032915 00000 n But in what passes for politics in Madras they have not taken the part to which they are entitled. Also in E. F. Irschick, op. Non-Brahmin Manifesto was issued by P.Kesava Pillai, member of the Legislative Council. Justice V.Ramaswami, former Judge of the Supreme Court of India, Justice S.Ratnavel Pandian, former Judge of the Supreme Court of India, Mr.S.V.Chittibabu, former Vice Chancellor of Madurai and Annamalai Universities, Self-respectful.G.Arangasamy, Rationalist Educationist, Writer Pattukottai Kumaravel were invited and felicitated on behalf of Dravidar Kazhagam by its President, Dr.K.Veeramani. It gives me great satisfaction for having remained dutiful to Periyar and his ideology. 0000034738 00000 n This manifesto which came to be known as the Non-Brahmin Manifesto of 1916 was designed to secure the advancement of Non-Brahmins in the face of the so-called Brahmin monopoly in education, and in the professional and Government services. 0000026292 00000 n 0000009084 00000 n Its core claims appear to remain unaffected, despite the major shifts that occurred in the theorizing of Indian culture and in the study of religion. When the Justice Party was in power, women were granted voting rights, and a noon-meal programme was implemented. We are of those who think that in the truest and best interest of India, its Government should continue to be conducted on true British principles of justice and equality of opportunity. The two leaders often clashed at Council meetings even though both were non-Brahmins. The 'Non-Brahmin Manifesto' by the Justice Party in December 1916 became an important document which would later shape the rise of the Dravidian movement. Enforcement of Dravidian identity was central to the movement launched by the Justice party through its English language publication 'justice'; and Tamil weekly 'Dravidian'. In that way I feel myself as part and parcel of the Dravidian Movement. endobj What is true of Government Service is equally true of local and other public bodies. But it passes our understanding Why a small class, which shows a larger percentage of English knowing men than their neighbours, should be allowed almost to absorb all the government appointments, great and small, high and low, to the exclusion of the latter, among whom may also be found, though in small proportions, men of capacity, enlightenment and culture. Unfortunately, the incident did not generate a wider protest against . New India's non-brahmin readers, many of whom were also in the Home Rule League, found the Non-Brahmin Manifesto objectionable for other reasons. 0000010027 00000 n No one denies, this. .-yww{9rsr.XdVl`p+Vx#mTBA t8BA t8Bl0}> {&MYGN(|E2_W>0|]_);QtDE'N(;Qt;1tb7 Fo7 Fo7 Fgs |a|1,!J%|B,=MS\{8.` W. We are not aware that neither before 1907, when a sort of election of a few Fellows by graduates of a certain number of years standing was allowed, nor since 1914, when the statement referred to was made in the Legislative Council, the graduates of the Madras University, of whom the majority have always been Brahmins, elected a non-Brahmin, as a Fellow of the University. We do not deny that in these days of fierce intellectual competition the skill to pass examinations is a valuable personal possession. T.Nagar is a locality in Chennai which is named after him. 0000013876 00000 n In the Mysore State, where open competitive examinations for the Mysore Civil Service were held during the preceding 20 years, Brahmins secured 85 percent of the vacancies, In the competition for the appointment of Assistant Engineers in Madras, the number of successful candidates, during the same period, was; 17 Brahmins and four non-Brahmins. But we cannot help calling attention to the highest appointments open to the Indian in this presidency and the principle upon which they are distributed. Chalam. That was when Maraimalai Adikal (Swami Vethachalam) launched the pure Tamil movement against the use of Sanskrit words in Tamil. 0000031124 00000 n When I was one among the nine Judges of Supreme Court Constitutional Bench, formed to deal Indra Sawhney Vs Union of India, popularly known as Mandal Recommendation Implementation case. The Non-Brahmin Manifesto attacked injustice; the Justice Party sought a remedy by the earliest adoption of reservation and secularisation by law. Of course, he did not invite the attention of the Public Service Commission to what prevailed in the important Native States directly under the control of the Madras Government, where, too, the preponderance of Brahmins in the Government Service then, as now, Was not less marked, Nor did lie go into the figures relating to the subordinate services, which are recruited under a system almost wholly of patronage. Their political interests, therefore, (as compared with those of the Brahmins who number only about a million and a half), have materially suffered. I was dutiful to Thanthai Periyars ideology of Social Justice. They were elitist in the beginning and their challenge was articulated by the Non-Brahmin Manifesto issued at the end of 1916. They raised the issue of caste discrimination and unequal opportunities in government employment and representation in elected bodies, which were dominated by Brahmins. position in the country and their respective numerical strength, should be given a more effective voice in the management of her affairs, that she should be given fiscal freedom and legislative autonomy in matters affecting her domestic policy and economic position, and that, lastly, she must be accorded a place in the Empire conducive to the sense of self respect of her children as British subjects and not inferior in dignity and power to that occupied by any self-governing colony. In a variety of ways and in different walks of life, non-Brahmins will now be found unostentatiously, and yet effectively, contributing to the moral and material progress of this presidency, But these and their brethren have so far been groping helpless in the background, because of the subtle and manifold Ways in which political power and official influences are often exercised by the Brahmin caste. Sir, Alexander (then Mr.) Cardew, now a member of the Madras Executive Council, in his evidence before the Public Service Commission in 1913, described in detail, the relative positions of the Brahmins and the non-Brahmins in the Public Service of this province, not certainly as a champion of non-Brahmin interest, but with a view to show that if simultaneous examinations in England and India for admission into the Indian Civil Service, were introduced, the Brahmins, whom he characterised as a small rigidly exclusive caste would swamp that Service. Prof Dr.D.Janaki, former Vice Chancellor welcomed the audience. Great and pressing is the task. 0000004158 00000 n Afterwards, they issued a "non-Brahmin" manifesto, arguing that if the British granted self-rule to Indians it would "result in the tyranny of Brahmins over others" as they, constituting just 3 per cent of population, dominated colonial professions and bureaucracy. It is the effect on the cause, already existed in the society, discriminating people based on their birth in a particular community. What is true of Government Service is equally true of local and other public bodies. 0000024697 00000 n The Communist League in London commissioned the work, which was originally published in German. 0000005521 00000 n nova credit union covid loan; bryant school district jobs; the drum major instinct summary The time has come when an attempt should be made to define the attitude of the several important non-Brahmin Indian communities in this presidency towards what is called The Indian Home Rule Movement," and also to indicate certain facts with respect to their present political position. The concluding address was delivered by Dr.K.Veeramani, Patron of Dravidian Historical Research Centre. He called it as one "calculated to be harmful to the common causes and probably likely to promote the best interest of the classes, whom it sought to serve". Justice S.Ratnavel Pandian, former Judge of the Supreme Court of India. We do not deny that in these days of fierce intellectual competition the skill to pass examinations is a valuable personal possession. Some of the old ideals are still there. Self Respectful S.Arivukkarasu, Presidium Chairman of Dravidar Kazhagam spoke on Leaders of Justice Party and their contributions. 62 0 obj <>stream - Justice Party Golden Jubilee Souvenir (1968) & Dravidar 100 (2016). Where an electorate is composed of a large number of Brahmins, the non-Brahmin Indian has hardly a chance., It nearly always happens that while the non-Brahmins do not concentrate upon a single candidate, Brahmin or non-Brahmin, the Brahmins nearly always unite and support their caste man, The Madras University, of which the majority of Indian Fellows, classified under the several Indian groups, are Brahmins, has never returned a non-Brahmin Indian, to the local Legislative Council, so much so that no non-Brahmin Indian, however well qualified otherwise, indulges in the hope of getting elected as member for the University in the Legislative Council, unless it be with the support of the European Fellows, At a meeting of the Madras Legislative Council, held in November 1914, in reply to an interpellation by the late Mr. Kunhi Raman Nayar, it was stated that the total number of registered graduates of the University was 650 of whom 452; were Brahmins, 12 non-Brahmin Hindus and 74 belonged to other communities, and that since 1907, when election of Fellows by registered graduates began, 12 Fellows were elected, of whom with one exception all were Brahmins. He is reported to have stated that in the competitive examinations for the Provincial Civil Service, which were held between 1892 and 1904, out of sixteen successful Candidates fifteen were Brahmins, giving a ratio of 95 percent of Brahmin success. all the Hindu Judges, are Brahmins. 0000008178 00000 n With regard to what obtains at the present moment in the various branches of the Government Service, it is needless to go into the figures. The incident in Pune wherein a Brahmin employer filed a police complaintand the police filed a case under various lawsagainst her domestic help on the grounds that the latter misrepresented her caste highlighted the many levels of casteist prejudices even among the so-called 'caste-less' upper and middle classes. During 1919-20, the Joint Select Committee held hearings to finalise the Government of India Bill 1919, . After the triumphant conclusion of the war, the Indian Constitution will doubtless come before the British statesmen and British Parliament for revision, India has earned the right to demand that the basis of her constitution should be broadened and deepened, that her sons representing every class, caste and community, according to their acknowledged. The December 1916 "Non-Brahmin Manifesto" voiced its opposition to the Home Rule Movement. all the Hindu Judges, are Brahmins. <<6BE70B7CEC506247B4926AC4E1350D6F>]/Prev 71258>> 0000003094 00000 n The Brahmin monopoly was quite formidable as with only 3.2% of the population they had 72% of all graduates. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. 0 non brahmin manifesto was issued by whom. Textbook Solutions 8442. 0000028236 00000 n The directive was issued in pursuance to the 2012 Supreme Court verdict paving the way for the appointment of Dalits as priests in temples in the state. 10. Non-Brahmin Manifesto was proclaimed by Sir Pitti.Theagarayar, narrating the social conditions of non-brahmins in the erstwhile Madras Presidency and the unreasonable monopoly of Brahmins in the education and employment areas. Many Non-Brahmins were pained and surprised at the Depressed Classes Mission, Non-Brahmin movement and Justice Party. %PDF-1.5 % 0000027902 00000 n So that the non-Brahmin, however distinguished, has little or no chance of getting into the Senate of the Madras University through what is called the open door of election, In the election to the Imperial and local Legislative Councils and to municipal bodies one finds the same truth illustrated so far as these elections could be controlled by the rigidly exclusive caste. But the non-Brahmins must first help themselves, Let them do everything needful to ensure a continued educational, social, political and economical development on abroad and enduring basis; and, then, their future as British subjects will be brighter and more prosperous than it is today, What is designated as Nation building is a laborious task, involving, and indeed necessitating, in the slow process of evolution, the due performance, in the proper time by each class and community, of the duty it owes to itself first and foremost. <>>> Non brahmin Manifesto was the first document, and the facts and figures provided in it created a lot of awareness among the non-brahmins to be emancipated and to reap their rightful share in the public domain. In 1914 a new Secretary ship to Government was created, and a Brahmin official was forthwith appointed to it, The Indian Secretary to the Board of Revenue is a Brahmin; and of the two Collectorships open to the members of the Provincial Civil Service, that, which has fallen to the share of the communities other than the Muhamnadan, has nearly always gone to a Brahmin official. (c) Why did EVR join the Non-Brahmin Movement? We sincerely hope that sane and sober politicians, who know the country and its people, and who feel their responsibility to both, will soon reassert their mastery over the Congress machine, and direct it in strict accordance with the living realities of the present. If, occasionally, a fair minded ruler endeavours to correct the inequality arising from the preponderance of Brahmins on any public body by having recourse to nominations of individuals from comparatively unrepresented interests, he is severely criticised in the Brahmin press. Periyar was the embodiment of these three qualities and I derived inspiration from him to become successful both in personal life and career. In the Mysore State, where open competitive examinations for the Mysore Civil Service were held during the preceding 20 years, Brahmins secured 85 percent of the vacancies, In the competition for the appointment of Assistant Engineers in Madras, the number of successful candidates, during the same period, was; 17 Brahmins and four non-Brahmins. As a gesture of acknowledgement the felicitated dignitaries spoke as follows: Justice V.Ramaswami, former Judge of the Supreme Court of India. Resolution of 1921 It tried for communal representation when it formed the Ministry in 1920. Natesa Mudaliar realised that if these two leaders could be brought together it would give the Non-Brahmin movement a fast forward push. 0000006533 00000 n 5ylWuP.%"W`K`o=e~]W0,,,,,,/1CN9s:ttwp: 0000030765 00000 n While we dissociate ourselves entirely from unauthorised Indian Constitution-making, which seems to be a favourite occupation with a certain class of politicians, we must say that we are strongly in favour of progressive political development of ax well-defined policy of trust in the people, qualified by prudence, and of timely and liberal concessions in the wake of proved fitness. The South Indian Liberal Federation was later known as a) Justice Party b) Dravida Kazhagam c) Tamil Kazhagam d) Dravidian Party 12. 38 (1) of the Constitution of India says, "The State shall strive to promote the welfare of the people by securing and protecting as effectively as it may a social order in which justice, social, economic and political, shall inform all the institutions of the national life.". The priests have been . Non-brahmin Manifesto is historically important equating itself with the Magna Carta (1215) the United Kingdom which curtailed the enormous rights vested with the Royal King, an undesirable feature in democratic polity. In these days of organised effort, they maintain no proper organisations for protecting and promoting their common interests and for preventing professional and other politicians, with hardly any corresponding stake in the country, from posing as their accredited spokesmen, Nor have they a press of their own to speak the truth on their behalf. THE NON-BRAHMIN MANIFESTO (1916) At a Conference held in Madras or, the 20th November 1916 and attended by several non-Brahmin gentlemen of position and influence both in Madras and in the mofussil, it was resolved that measures be taken to start a company for publishing a newspaper advocating the cause of the non-Brahmin community, and also . Surely, in these services the preponderance of Brahmins would be still more striking. As part of the yearlong celebrations of the Justice Party, the centenary commencement of Proclamation of Non-brahmin Manifesto (20th December 1916) was celebrated on 20th December 2015 at Periyar Thidal, Chennai. Guided by their own sense of self-respect and enlightened self-interest, had they and their communities always acted in concert, even in the matter of Government appointments and political power, they would have been at the top, a place which is theirs by right, As it is, for want of efficient separate organisations of their own and of the instinct or the inclination to make the freest and the most effective use of the modern weapon of publicity their interests have not received their proper share of attention and recognition. Further, he expressed that only with the presence of courageous Judges with conviction of equity in the higher judiciary, the advancement of the oppressed section of the population was possible. To quote one of the latest instances, of the 15 gentlemen elected from this presidency to represent it on the All India Congress Committee, with the exception of one solitary non-Brahmin Indian, all are practically Brahmins, and yet the decision of this committee, which is the executive of the Congress, upon matters of grave import, such as the revision of the Indian Constitution after the war, will be held up to the worlds admiring gaze as the considered. Manifesto was issued by a ) C.Natesan b ) Pitty Theyagarayar c ) Why EVR... Gives me great satisfaction for having remained dutiful to Thanthai Periyars ideology of social Justice Communist! Future in the career ladder further and told, You have to your! 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