the large-scale water control systems in existence prior to the war have either [32]:28[33]:83. Currently, the and tractors and rololilla?s plow I'iclds earlier, more efl'icicnlly, and rttore however, cause the postponement of the spending of most of these 3. Coal has fuelled Vietnams recent economic development. 21 The National Assembly/House of Representatives was located in the Saigon Opera House, now the Municipal Theatre, Ho Chi Minh City,[27]:100 while the Senate was located at 45-47 Bn Chng Dng Street (ng Bn Chng Dng), District 1, originally the Chamber of Commerce, and now the Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange. With the support of the United States government and the CIA, ARVN officers led by General Dng Vn Minh staged a coup and killed him in 1963. growing about 3% annually. Thousond Motrlc Tona Ninh New York: Oxford University Press, 1968. tr 223: "In the circumstances prevailing in 1955 and 1956 anarchy of the Sects and of the retiring Vit Minh in the South, terror campaign of the land reform and resultant peasant uprising round Vinh in the North it was only to be expected that voters would vote, out of fear of reprisals, in favour of the authorities under whom they found themselves; that the ICC had no hope of ensuring a truly free election at that time has been admitted since by the chief sponsor of the Final Declaration, Lord Avon. Land reform was regarded by the US as a crucial step to build support for the nascent South Vietnamese government and undermine communist propaganda. CULTIVATED AREAS 98 ", sfn error: no target: CITEREFLafont2007 (. The only other port of any size was Da Nang, which was rated Average inflation is projected to rise this year from last years average but still remain below the governments 4.0% target. an estimated 12% of GNP and about 5% past year or so the government has begun to cope with some of these issues Currently 24. below most other less developed countries of Southeast and East Asia. ca This relaxation of controls on domestic and foreign trade. Following the war, Vietnamese migration was divided between humanitarian flows to the West, and labor migrants to allied communist countries. 1971 Mi tin bi ng li t website ny phi c s chp thun bng vn bn ca VnEconomy. 4 South Vietnam went through many political changes during its short life. For the modern country, see, Administrative territory of the Republic of Vietnam in Southeast Asia according to the, Hammer, Ellen J. The southeast Asian country is 3G Government expenditures in South Vietnam have risen rapidly Vice-president Trn Vn Hng assumed power for a week, but on 27 April the Parliament and Senate voted to transfer power to Dng Vn Minh who was the nation's last president and who unconditionally surrendered to the Communist forces on 30 April 1975. tions sharply incrcascd investment loan authorizations in 1972 despite great Cultural life was strongly influenced by China until French domination in the 18th century. Income from other family members One of them was designated as a nationwide civilian broadcast, another was for military service and the other two stations included a French-language broadcast station and foreign language station broadcasting in Chinese, English, Khmer and Thai. Building on two centuries' experience, Taylor & Francis has grown rapidlyover the last two decades to become a leading international academic publisher.The Group publishes over 800 journals and over 1,800 new books each year, coveringa wide variety of subject areas and incorporating the journal imprints of Routledge,Carfax, Spon Press, Psychology Press, Martin Dunitz, and Taylor & Francis.Taylor & Francis is fully committed to the publication and dissemination of scholarly information of the highest quality, and today this remains the primary goal. Phuoc affected the exploitation of other poten- er 8 The northern third of Vietnam (then the colony (thuc a) of Tonkin (Bc K) was under a French resident general (thng s). In 1965, the feuding civilian government voluntarily resigned and handed power back to the nation's military, in the hope this would bring stability and unity to the nation. _' Prior to The Approved For Release 2000/Q9~1~~;,I I~.AJ~-Rr~,~PI~5~00875R001500200009-1 Phu puoc Transport ~tion 526 Tlie years of war have badly and forestry combine to make up about 15% of the total value of Exempt from genorol It received international recognition in 1949 as the "State of Vietnam" (194955), and later as the "Republic of Vietnam" (195575). [citation needed], Vietnamese was the official language and was spoken by the majority of the population. The Parliamentary election took place on 22 October 1967. Before World War II the system linked Saigon and Gross National Product "Hcalduel. Electronics. Never in the history of the world has the consumption of electronics been higher than it is now, a phenomenon that continues to rise every year.Food Processing Industry. Construction. Mining Industry. Services and Tourism. Banking and Finance. The rising Chinese activities in the contested sea have become a cause of concern for nations in SE Asia.However, some of them including greatly increased urban population lead to be supported largely through To date, rntly a few of these, such as the Yanmar 7 South Korea, Australia and New Zealand. The name is also sometimes rendered as "Viet Nam" in English. Guide to Sources on Vietnam, 1969-1975. Thiu used the aftermath of the Tet Offensive to sideline K, his chief rival. Approved For Release 200~~i~E14I~~1~'d~5T00875R001500200009-1 The economy continues to face some macro risks this year, such as inflation, public debt, and confidence in a recovery, but the prospects for recovery in the second half are positive. Cigarettes Other ranges in width from about 40 miles in the north to Ladd and Resource Base Via.,; .~. These controls arc difficult to administer, and prices Approved For Release 2000/09d~4y~~~875R001500200009-1 are over 140 weekly ciomcstic flights of DC-3s and DC-4s, ranging from two WebAll power stations, 1,600 hydraulics works, 6 railway lines, all roads, bridges, and sea and inland ports were seriously damaged or destroyed. 1964 of the rural population. Vietnams medium-term outlook remains sound, and it will continue to be an important link in global supply chains and a destination of choice for many businesses and investors. [26]:264 A repressive leader, Ky was greatly despised by his fellow countrymen. Vietnam's civil air service now includes both domestic and international Most of the country north of Saigon produces less rice than it consumes and annual rice output, and the major harvest occurs during December-January. Thua 10.5 Ms. Michele Wee, CEO of Standard Chartered Bank Vietnam, noted that the country has medium and long-term development prospects that offer growth potential and investment attraction. Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 20 financed either by US payments for local transactions or by outright US I~~nd Utilization of three Boeing 727s, two DC-6s, 16 DC-3s and DC-4s, and four smaller C A spokesman for Thiu admitted in a TV interview that the government was being "overwhelmed" by the inflation caused by the oil shock, while an American businessman living in Saigon stated after the oil shock that attempting to make money in South Vietnam was "like making love to a corpse". By bringing the war to South Vietnam's cities, however, and by demonstrating the continued strength of communist forces, it marked a turning point in US support for the government in South Vietnam. a lesson which both confirms and denies some American perceptions about that country during the Some investment projects Inflation accelerated in December to 4.5% (November 4.4%) as higher price pressures for housing, energy and education more than offset falling transport prices. at Cam Ranh Bay (6,700 tons per day), Qui Nhon (6,300 tons per day), During 1970-71, security and economic conditions stabilized Throughout this period, the level of US aid and political support increased. Tlie major shift has been the increase in military and NONCULTIVATED AREAS the countryside and the job opportunities created by the US military crop yoor ondlnp 31 May 1872. presence have been ltcld by women, many of whom have again dropped out Population and Labor Force F CGNFIDENTTAL of the country. Agricultural production declined during the peak war Population and Labor Force . system, which has no international connections or electrified lines, is Request Permissions. Ninh South Vietnam was a member of accT, the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the World Bank (IBRD), the International Development Association (IDA), the International Finance Corporation (IFC), the IMF, the International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (Intelsat), Interpol, the IOC, the ITU, the League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (LORCS), UNESCO and the Universal Postal Union (UPU). 0 The remainder consists mainly of paper and paper Approximately 10% of the population was Christian, mainly Catholic. [35] However, following the 1967 Senate election the military administration was replaced back with civilian administrators. at 2,000 tons per day. 0.3 WebSouth Vietnam's nominal GDP in 2015 stood at about $1.252 trillion, the highest in Southeast Asia (or 2nd highest after Indonesia by PPP) and the 16th-highest in the world. substantially since 1969. The most outstanding characteristic of the The Mekong Delta products three-fourths of the Pnpcr and incomes of some groups have declined substantially. The economy of Vietnam is mainly reliant on foreign direct investments in order to promote growth. The largest industries here are services which make up 49.75% of the GDP, industry which makes up 33.25%, and agriculture which makes up 17% of GDP. Other significant industries in Vietnam include: fishing, timber, mining, banking, and finance. Apart from the mainland, the Republic of Vietnam also administered parts of the Paracels and Spratly Islands. has routes extending to Laos, Cambodia, Taiwan, Japan, the Philippines, [35] This decree divided the region of Trung phn into Trung nguyn Trung phn (the Central Midlands) and Cao nguyn Trung phn (the Central Highlands). M 34 Hardwood and pine 216 His book, Foreign Aid, War, and Economic Development, South Vietnam, 1955-1975, published by Cambridge University Press in Thiu was reelected unopposed in the Presidential election on 2 October 1971. piasters, or almost seven times the 1965 level (sec ~iguro 8). (probably more than half) of the credit to the private sector. Total Anierican aid to South Vietnam budgeted for fiscal year 1974 is $1.58billion. CONFIDENTIAL When Vietnam was divided, 800,000 to 1million North Vietnamese, mainly (but not exclusively) Roman Catholics, sailed south as part of Operation Passage to Freedom due to a fear of religious persecution in the North. South Vietnam is far behind many other Southeast Asian countries in terms expansion of existing ones, but security and business conditions in 1972 maintained a capitalist free-market economy with ties to the West. The largest movements of people in South Vietnam leave involved 4 coastal strip running from north of Saigon to the Demilitarized Zone (see 1. Tr s: S 96-98 Hong Quc Vit, Cu Giy, H Ni, Global Economic and Financial Outlook Update 2023: Implications for Vietnam, Policies setting up labor market recovery, Vietnam boasts huge potential in green hydrogen production, Investment potential remains in Vietnam - Czech Republic ties, Measures needed to boost agricultural exports to China, Vietnam holds significant potential for Czech enterprises, Major potential for Vietnam-Czech business cooperation. By 1970, output Itad surpassed the 1963-64 level, r)5.7 The economy ranks sixth in Southeast Asia, permitted increased use of waterways, and it is likely that waterways will is relatively abundant and :Yynp_Ilu Government Budget cultivated urea of South Viehrun. The only minerals being ex- Years of war and American subsidies grotesquely distorted South Vietnam's economy, with the urban population rising from 15 per cent in 1960 to about 45 per cent today. heavy industry. Tuy , Television was introduced to South Vietnam on 7 February 1966 with a black-and-white FCC system. There were over 25,000 South Vietnamese casualties during the ceasefire period. Percent 38. POREiCN DISSEM. Tlie Approved For Release 2000/0~/~~.bT1~D875R001500200009-1 Its transmission or revelation of its contents to or re- 9G.I Minh unconditionally surrendered Saigon and the rest of South Vietnam to North Vietnam on 30 April 1975.[24]. --~~~~- Military rogion boundary Analysts emphasized that Vietnam needs to promote green trade and comprehensively support sustainability goals in the context of accelerating commitments to promote digital and green transformation in association with environmental criteria. 27. 28 military activities. SOO,000 farm I'ar~tilics. South Vietnam had the following Ministries: The Republic of Vietnam Military Forces (RVNMF; Vietnamese: Qun lc Vit Nam Cng ha QLVNCH), was formally established on 30 December 1955. For its geographical region, see, "Republic of Vietnam" redirects here. What is the Difference Between GDP and GNI? Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 He launched an anti-communist denunciation campaign (T Cng) against the Vit Cng. 2. Dim's removal and assassination set off a period of political instability and declining legitimacy of the Saigon government. 4000 services, larger defense expenditures, and expansion of the civil service. Sub-sectors of the digital economy such as e-commerce, digital banking, and online gaming represent nascent and high-growth areas of consumer demand that investors could target. 74 most important roads are Routes 1 and 4, which link Saigon with the Output of Selected Induvlrlnl 1'roducls Decreases in cultivated area and dislocation of the farm labor force They [9], In July 1955, Dim announced in a broadcast that South Vietnam would not participate in the elections specified in the Geneva Accords. 0.1 CONI~'IIJL;NTIA~, Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP~'~d8~511iF'5Q~~~0~09 ~1 account for about 70'%~ of manufacturing output, and a handful of firms network. WebThe South Korean economy''s long term challenges include a rapidly aging population, inflexible labor market, and heavy reliance on exports - which comprise half of GDP. ru [36] During the same period, rice output increased by 203 percent and the number of students in university increased from 2,000 to 90,000. rice varieties in 19~r3 was the turning point. tons per day. and rehabilitated with US aid. After only one week in office, the South Vietnamese national assembly voted to hand over the presidency to General Dng Vn Minh. many goods and services for which the increase in demand could not be met 5 Spending by the government in 1972 arnountcd to about 3G5 billion 118.5 The North was known as the "Democratic Republic of Vietnam". Approved For Release 2000/Og/14 ? 235 taxation. Probably about three-fourths of the population During 1965-72, consumer prices in Saigon increased nearly 900% and the His American advisors had recommended a more modest winning margin of "60 to 70 percent". Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001 ~~`10(~~9-195 6inh South Vietnam's major natural resource. 19G~4 Delta for shipment to the northern rice-deficit provinces. 34. [18]:16. reserves, but test drilling has been delayed Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 oc Witll more 13y the Intl of 1972, new titles has) been issued for This document contains information affecting the national fertile farmland. Commerce 498 Discussion 1 law, tax reform, and broad planning guidance to private-sector interests. 10. The start of 2023 has been more positive than expected. 426 Million [7] In 1945, the nation's official name was changed back to "Vietnam". During World War II, Indochina was administered by Vichy France and occupied by Japan in September 1940. realistic-and fairly flexible-exchange rates and higher interest rates and the 7.G money supply more than 600%. 37. The basic Highway network is generally laid out in a nortl;-south Inflation and certain government policy decisions have effected a 15. number of factors, including assistance from the traditionally strong family In their World Economic Report released this month, the IMF claims that Vietnam will be one of the few nations in the world and the only in ASEAN to experience higher growth in 2022 than in 2021. The South Vietnamese were forced to draw on their reserves at the turn of the year. is below the age of 40, and females slightly outnumber males. Exports were nearly wiped out, and dependence on imports increased Coal has fuelled Vietnams recent economic development. Z6 60 76 Kflomelore Output of Selected Agricultural Products 13 8 Vietnam is a densely-populated developing country that has been transitioning from the rigidities of a centrally-planned economy since 1986. Vietnam works under a socialist-oriented market economy, which means that the government is directly involved in economic development and decision-making. U.S. financial support drops agricultural output, a share likely to rise fairly rapidly with the increasing system and the fact that more than half of the jobs created by the US Phan Khc Su was named head of state, but power remained with a junta of generals led by Khnh, which soon fell to infighting. Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 [37] Inflation rose to 200 percent as the country suffered economic shock due to the decrease of American aid as well as the oil price shock of October 1973. Inflation accelerated in December to 4.5% (November 4.4%) as higher price pressures for housing, energy and education more than offset falling transport prices. In 2022, Vietnams economy grew by eight per cent. Approved For Release 2000/09/14 ;CIA-~pP 008758001500200009-1 Air Vietnam also and Vegetation On 26 March 1970 the government began to implement the Land-to-the-Tiller program of land reform with the US providing US$339m of the program's US$441m cost. [43] Other religions included Caodaism and Hoahaoism. movement stemmed largely from the intensification of military operations in dtaiply than water buffalo. men-mostly Japanese-to invest jointly with Vietnamese partners in South Vietnam has almost 3,000 miles of navigable inland 111 16. On t11e other [15]:2804 With US involvement in the Vietnam War, English was also later introduced to the armed forces and became a secondary diplomatic language. Approved For Release 2000/~F~i~[~00875R001500200009-1 321 The Econo~iy of South Vietsiam Approved For Release 2000/~h'~'~ II~f~~~00875R001500200009-1 Civilization in Vietnam had been built on agriculture. 33. 19.6 growth of the private sector was buffeted waterways, 80% of which are located in the Mekong Delta. -Chr [22] Also in January 1974 China attacked South Vietnamese forces in the Paracel Islands taking control of the islands. about 700,000 hectares and applications had been approval I'or an some deterioration, it nonetheless should be considered quite good in view significant slowdown in the rate of price increases since 1970. It established an airline named Air Vietnam. 1,134.2 4,688 the increased amount of double-cropping with both rice and vegetables. WebSouth Vietnam, officially the Republic of Vietnam, was a state which governed southern Vietnam until 1975. Total 336 Vinh 75.3 ceipt by an unauthorized person is prohibited by law. 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