By the end of March 1941, the first members of the French Section were in intensive training in Britain. En route to the Gestapo prison in Paris, they decided that Sansom would pretend to be Churchill's wife, in order to divert attention from his London mission and the sabotage they had orchestrated in France. But, eventually, the camp was overrun, and she won her freedom as the Camp commandant tried to use her as a hostage. IWM collections. Odette Hallowes has a story unlike anyone else. Member of the Order of the British Empire, Member of the Order of the British Empire (Civil), Archives communales et communautaires d'Amiens, "Odette Sansom Special Operations Executive (SOE) Agents in France", "Sansom, Odette Marie Cline (Imperial War Museums interview) Reel One", "War heroine Odette was deemed 'too temperamental' for spying", "Sansom, Odette Marie Cline (Imperial War Museums interview) Reel Two", "Peter Churchill, British Hero Of the French Resistance, Dies", "Sansom, Odette Marie Cline (Imperial War Museums interview) Reel Three", "GWR train named after decorated WWII spy Odette Hallowes", Newsreel footage of marriage to Peter Churchill, 1947, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Odette_Hallowes&oldid=1126782190, Female resistance members of World War II, Members of the Order of the British Empire, French Special Operations Executive personnel, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Pages containing London Gazette template with parameter supp set to y, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 11 December 2022, at 06:02. There were beatings, tortures, mutilations and rapes. A year later, they were married, and their first daughter Franoise was born in 1932. Continue Learning about General Arts & Entertainment. Infuriated, Bleicher sent her to Ravensbrck concentration camp. At Ravensbrck, Sansom was put in solitary confinement underground, in an attempt to break her spirit. Indeed the theme of her postwar working life, with its service to various charities and help for the underprivileged, was the healing of those wounds, both physical and mental, which had been inflicted upon individuals by the war. He was warned to avoid contact with Sansom and 'Colonel Henri" on his return to France, but when he was parachuted back into the Annecy area on April 14/15, he was met by Sansom and Rabinovich. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. It was there, the next night, that they were arrested by Italian troops and a German security agent. Odette Hallowes died at Walton-on-Thames on 13th March, Sincerely yours, A Bad Egg. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. The torture involved, beatings, having her toenails torn out and her spine branded by a hot iron. [6][5], As cover for her secret work, Sansom was enrolled in the First Aid Nursing Yeomanry, which supplied SOE with support personnel. She is buried with Odette at Burvale cemetery where her name is given as Yvonne Marie Rose Brailly. Albert Speer Her back was scorched with a red-hot poker and all of her toenails were pulled out. to London where she gave birth to three children. He learned from Marsac the location of Churchill and Sansom, got a letter of introduction to them from him, and proceeded to Saint-Jorioz where he introduced himself to Sansom as "Colonel Henri". As well as Odette Sansom there were numerous other female spies who served in the SOE as secret agents in occupied France they include: Citation: Pettinger, Tejvan. Her two companions Denise Bloch and Lilian Rolfe met the same fate although these two brave women were so weakened that they were unable to walk to their deaths. She wore her FANY uniform and the blue ribbon and silver miniature of the George Cross. Erwin Rommel is know, Reinhard Heydrich The purpose of SOE was to conduct espionage, sabotage, and reconnaissance in occupied Europe against the Axis powers, especially Germany. Two of those escaped, and Sansom returned, the lone survivor. A manifesto signed by about 20 former associates accused Churchill of being in France only to collect material for a book about his experiences and asked what acts of sabotage he and Odette had carried out. Violette Szabo and Noor Inayat Khan were awarded the George Cross posthumously for their bravery. No underling in occupied Paris was prepared to order the execution of an agent who might, later in the war, be of considerable value to Berlin. Odette Sansom (1912 1995) a French/British spy who worked as an SOE operative in occupied France. Heroes and Heroines. London: Arco, 1957. Carve Her Name With Pride Film based on the life of Violette Szabo. 'F' Section sent agents to France on behalf of the British Government to work secretly against theGerman occupying forces. Yet their decorations pale in comparison to those of a courier spy named Odette Sansom (code name: LISE). She learned how to fire British guns, how to identify the insignia on German uniforms, how to write, transmit, and receive Morse code, how to handle a canoe, and how to evade answers under SS (Schutzstaffel or "elite guard") interrogation; in short, all the techniques necessary for leading the double life of a spy. [3][4] Sansom, posing as "Madame Odette Metayer", was required to find food and lodging for Rabinovitch, who was in France illegally and had no ration card, and also to tend to air drops that were sometimes carelessly placed in dangerous areas. Szabo, George Cross. While Peter followed SOE training and played the village idiot, denying everything other than being a British agent, Odette did the opposite: she told the Germans that she, not Peter, was the circuit leader, and that Peter was just a pawn in their operation. In fact, Peter Churchill was not related to the British prime minister. "Tortured French Woman Decorated by George VI," in The New York Times. Peter Churchill survived the war but Rabinovitch was executed by the Gestapo in 1944. [7], Her wartime record was the subject of a 1950 film, Odette, in which the title role was played by Anna Neagle and Trevor Howard played Churchill. They claimed they were husband and wife and related to Winston Churchill. Buckmaster played himself in the film, and Sansom, then known as Odette Churchill, wrote a personal message that appeared at the end of the film, which was well received. Great access to I-80. [4] She later recalled that she had suspicions of disloyalty about other members of the Spindle network, but declined to identify whom she suspected. It was at Fresne Prison that they tortured Sansom. Women were employed by SOE for field work, generally as couriers, and frequently as wireless operators. [4], George Starr, one of SOE's most successful agents and a self-described martinet, called Sansom "a dreadful lady" and deplored what he portrayed as her seductive behaviour. On Feb. 23, 2012, almost 70 years after she joined the SOE, the Royal Mail released a stamp in her honor as part of its Britons of Distinction series. [21], After the Allied landings in the south of France in August 1944, on orders from Berlin, all food was withdrawn for a week, all light was removed from Sansom's cell, and the heat was turned up. Although they had all parachuted into France and been on similar missions, none of the agents had met. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Sansom told the Germans that Churchill was in the country on her insistence. Bleicher of Abwehr. She was captured by the Gestapo and sent to Ravensbruck concentration camp, but survived the war. Around February 5th 1945 Violette Szabo was executed by a shot in the back of her head aged just twenty three. Save five minutes a day when the overhead light was illuminated, she sat in total darkness. "Train me," she said. She lived quietly, carrying on an extensive correspondence. the First World War. When she was eight, an unidentified disorder caused her to go blind for. Sansom also gave evidence against several ofRavensbrck's staff, which influenced their sentencing. She briefly married, Peter Churchill, before marrying her third husband, Geoffrey Hallowes. [3][4][5], She met an Englishman, Roy Patrick Sansom (19111957),[notes 3] in Boulogne and married him in Boulogne-sur-Mer on 27 October 1931,[1] moving with him to Britain. The purpose of these photos was to determine the exact topography of a particular section. Odette is a 1950 British war film based on the true story of Special Operations Executive French agent, Odette Sansom, living in England, who was captured by the Germans in 1943, condemned to death and sent to Ravensbrck concentration camp to be executed. They would stand on their swollen feet as the Nazis came, smoking and chatting, handing out pink tickets for the crematorium. As Sansom had told him she was related to Winston Churchill he took her with him to American forces, thinking that this would help his case. ), produced in Britain by Lowpert-Dowling-UA, starring Anna Neagle and Trevor Howard, 1951 (Sansom was technical advisor on the film). What happened to Odette Sansom daughters? This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Each was awarded the Order of the British Empire, Popov and Czerniawski as Officers and Pujol as a Member. Hero of the French Resistance, known only as Odette, who worked for the British War Department during World War II and, when captured and tortured by the Nazis, refused to divulge classified information. Check out this video! However, against all odds she survived the war and testified against the prison guards at the Hamburg Ravensbrck trials. In 1941 she responded to requests by the War Office for people to send photographs of France. As a child she contracted serious illnesses which blinded her for three and a half years, as well as polio, which resulted in her being bedridden for months. On her second mission in France, Szab parachuted behind German lines the day after D-Day and established contact with resistance forces in the area. tortured by the Gestapo she had all her toenails pulled out. By October, when her health had just about failed, they moved her to a cell above ground. The infirmary doctor gave her an injection and she was returned to her cell. 42,000 s/f building with Rt. Spies were chosen carefully. The nuns considered her volatile, petulant, and stubborn. [32] She remains the only woman to have received the George Cross while alive, all other female awards to date being posthumous. [22] Sansom removed Suhren's pistol, which is now held in the Imperial War Museum.[23]. Weapons and ammunition Walther PPK Odette Churchill had opposed making the film in Hollywood, for fear that the film would be fictionalised. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. Grove, Valerie. Where is Violette Szabo buried? The SS wanted to keep her as a bargaining tool. Szabo was shot at Ravensbrck; Khan was brutally interrogated and kept in chains before she was executed at Dachau. Of all the women who took part in special operations in France, Odette as she was universally known in spite of having borne three married surnames in her lifetime perhaps best symbolized the indomitable spirit of resistance to Nazism. He died trying to find two of his men who had gone missing after the Battle of Verdun. Sansom instructed Rabinovich to send a wireless message to SOE headquarters in London reporting the contact. When they told her she was to be executed, listing her many crimes against the Nazi Third Reich, she told them to take their pick of offenses, because they could only kill her once. Selectors, relying on instinct, looked for spirit rather than muscle. 1995. where are the children of Odette Sansom now. Odette Sansom Hallowes was born on April 28, 1912. It could have been deleted, moved, or it never existed at all. To every question Sansom simply replied: 'I have nothing to say'. Held by the Gestapo. Odette was a quiet child. She arrived on July 18, 1944, two days before a now-famous failed plot by members of Hitler's inner circle to assassinate him. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. from the east, she persuaded Fritz Suhren, the camp commandant, to As a result she was recruited by the Special Operations Executive Still, she refused to speak. The following month she was sent to Ravensbruck These three men were amazing spies who helped to . Sansom was the only one officially condemned to die and, ironically, the only one to live. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. We use cookies on our website to collect relevant data to enhance your visit. They hoped that this story would help. them receive better treatment while in prison. They won't have me. Odette is a 1950 British war film based on the true story of Special Operations Executive French agent, Odette Sansom, living in England, who was captured by the Germans in 1943, condemned to death and sent to Ravensbrck concentration camp to be executed. Instead, after the war, she worked for various charities seeking to lessen the pain of war. When German counter-intelligence became more of a threat, Churchill moved his circuit of saboteurs and information gatherers to Upper Savoy in February 1943. "British Heroine Honored, Aided French Resistance Despite Gestapo Tortures," in The New York Times. Concentration Camp. It seems like you have tried to open a page that doesn't exist. She became a national heroine and in 1950,a filmwas made about her. I knew kindness as well as cruelty, understanding as well as brutality. Odette Sansom GC, MBE (28 April 1912 - 13 March 1995), also known as Odette Churchill and Odette Hallowes, code named Lise, was an agent for the United Kingdom's clandestine Special Operations Executive (SOE) in France during the Second World War.The purpose of SOE was to conduct espionage, sabotage, and reconnaissance in occupied Europe . Violette Szabo has no known grave. You are welcome to search for what you are looking for with the form below. Heidenheim, Germany [35], She served as a technical advisor on a film on her fellow SOE agent Violette Szabo, Carve Her Name with Pride. the life story of Odette Sansom reads like the film script it later became. With Sansom stranded in Cannes, Churchill obtained Buckmaster's permission to scrap her original mission and for her to act as his courier. She had already made three unsuccessful attempts to get to France. This label is usually attached to the container/package of the goods. "Now would you care to tell me Arnaud's address?," the interrogator asked. He spun a tale to her of them travelling together to London to "discuss means of ending the war." In fact, Peter Churchill was not related to the British prime minister. The couple moved They would later have Lily in 1934 and Marianne in 1936. [21], Sansom said she believed she was "not brave, not courageous, but just make up my mind about certain things." On 16th April, 1943, Sansom and Churchill were arrested by Hugo [17][18] The British had calculated that if the Germans thought she was related to the British Prime Minister they would want to keep her alive as a possible bargaining tool. Odette accompanied him. Eventually, she was sentenced to death and sent to Ravensbruck concentration camp for her execution. Her official point of commemoration is the Commonwealth War Graves Commission Brookwood 19391945 Memorial to the Missing in Brookwood Military Cemetery, Surrey. Starved and tortured, Odette never broke. It reads: In love and homage to Mrs. Yolande E.M. Beekman, Croix de Guerre, Miss Danielle Bloch , Miss Andre M. Borrel, Miss Muriel Byck , Miss Madeleine Damerment, Miss Noor Inayat Khan, Mrs. Cecily M. Lefort , Miss Vera E. Leigh, Mrs. Eliane S. Plewman, Croix de Guerre, Miss Lilian V. Rolfe , Miss Diana H. Rowden, Mrs. Yvonne Rudellat , Mrs. Violette R.E. She had a convent education and was considered difficult, perhaps because of her illnesses. * The request timed out and you did not successfully sign up. Odette's other companions remained at Karlsruhe until September when they were taken to Dachau concentration camp. "The Last Days of Auschwitz, 50 Years Later: Untold Stories From the Death Camp," in Newsweek. //]]>. In 1951, her home was burgled and the George Cross stolen. Odette was a French woman married to an Englishman. By the fall of 1944, news filtered back to prisoners that the war had turned against the Germans. "[27] In 1955, she co-founded the annual Women of the Year Lunch with Tony Lothian and Lady Georgina Coleridge (journalist and daughter of the Marquess of Tweeddale). At one point toward the end of the war, she witnessed an instance of cannibalism of a dead inmate by starving prisoners. Honored for his tenacity and courage at the battle of Verdun, he was later killed as he attempted to save two men missing from his platoon. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Mahoney, M.H. An unexpected error has occurred with your sign up. Inmates drank ersatz coffee in the morning, watery soup for lunch, and ate bread for dinner while doing heavy labor. At any time, there could be a surprise selection for the gas chamber. Later, she married Geoffrey Hallowes. On May 12, 1944, 25 days before the Allies landed in Normandy, Sansom, along with six other women agents of the SOE, was taken in handcuffs by night train from Fresne to Karlsruhe Prison in Germany. Fifteen of them were captured by the Nazis. It does not store any personal data. Hewson, David in Walters, Anne-Marie (2009), Foot, M. R. D. (1966), "SOE in France," London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, p. 252, Undercover: The Men and Women of the SOE, Patrick Howarth, 1980. She is holding Tania Szab , daughter of SOE officer Violette Szab . What happened to Odette's daughters? In the series Billie (Sarah Shahi) is a housewife living in Connecticut, who has just given birth to her . They were cremated, but evidence emerged later that some of them were still alive when they went into the ovens. Mr. Sansom joined the army at the beginning of the Second World War, and Odette Sansom and the children moved to Somerset for their safety. In all, 50 SOE women agents were landed in France during World War II. Larry Loftis is the author of CODE NAME: LISEThe True Story of the Woman Who Became WWIIs Most Highly Decorated Spy, available now from Gallery Books. https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/sansom-odette-1912-1995, "Sansom, Odette (19121995) [14][15][16], At Fresnes prison, near Paris, Sansom was interrogated by the Gestapo fourteen times. [3], At the time of her arrival in France, the Spindle network was beset by internal strife between the principal agent, Andr Girard, and his assistant and with the network's radio operator, Adolphe Rabinovitch. Shren was hoping to save himself from execution as a war criminal after Germany's defeat. Sansom grew close to Churchill and to Rabinovitch, whom she liked and trusted. She maintained that she, not Peter Churchill, was the leader; she also refused to give any information about other members. Digital 'It will be your duty,' said my grandfather, 'to do what you can for your country.' Another courier, Pearl Witherington , led an underground force of 2,000 young French guerillas, called the Maquis, who specialized in cutting the main Paris-Bordeaux railway. She began to understand that they were asking her to volunteer for more than part-time work as a translator. Fraser, Antonia, ed. Odette, who by that time had married her third husband and become Odette Hallowes, died in 1995 at the age of . Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. Violette Szabos code-name was Corrinne. Odette Sansom had been a prisoner of the Gestapo for five months by October 1943. Odette (123 min. They summoned her to Avenue Foch 14 times, always pressing her for the whereabouts of SPINDLEs radio operator and the hideout of another circuit leader. Sansom organized and brought about the largest resupply drops ever made to the Maquis who were hiding in the mountains above the Cote d'Azur in France. Szabo returned to Britain via Lysander in June 1944. Odette Sansom, also known as Odette Churchill and Odette Hallowes, was born on 28 April 1912 in Amiens, France. "Life wisdom learnt in the darkness of a torture cell; Odette Hallowes, GC.," in London Sunday Times. World War Two's most highly decorated female spy has had a train named after her by Great Western Railway. The forgotten female WWII-era spy who stayed silent under gruesome Nazi torture Odette Sansom was the first woman to receive the UK's second-highest honor for courage under fire. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. German military commander Heinrich Himmler became, Prisoners of War. Encyclopedia.com. she worked under Peter Churchill, the SOE's organizer in that part However, her execution was never carried out. "You will realize I am not what you want.". 1932); Lily (b. She endured months of solitary confinement and death threats, but revealed nothing. Three of the womenAndre Borrel ("Denise"), Vera Leigh ("Simone"), and Diana Rowden ("Juliette")were taken to the Natzweiler concentration camp in Alsace and summarily executed. Charles de Gaulle/Date of death. And danger was ever-present. Messages were printed on ties, scarves, handkerchiefs, and underwear. SOE agents allied themselves with resistance groups and supplied them with weapons and equipment parachuted in from England. Klaus Barbie, known as the "Butcher of Lyon," was a leader in the Nazi group called the SS, and was head of anti-Resistance operations in France duri, Himmler, Heinrich Churchill and Sansom claimed they were a married couple and related to Winston Churchill to make themselves seem more valuable as prisoners and less likely to be executed as spies. Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. As she fell forward, the interrogator asked, "Where is Arnaud?" The interrogator calmly told her that his colleague was going to pull out her toenails one by one. Its agents were mainly tasked with sabotage and subversion behind enemy lines. The other began to unbutton her blouse. After he landed by parachute in a remote mountainous area, Churchill and Sansom hid in an inn in St. Jorioz. A French agent working for the British during World War II, Odette Sansom left three small daughters to join the Resistance in 1942. At 2:00 a.m. on April 16, Bleicher, no longer in the guise of "Colonel Henri", appeared in the hotel with Italian soldiers and arrested Sansom and Churchill. People would cross paths, sometimes in crucial ways, then slip away and never see one another again. Alternatively, search more than 1 million objects from She described it as a "kind of bargaining. ." Odette Labels are the industry standard for Labelling in the Automotive Industry. Her first mission was to set up a wireless operation at Auxerre. Burvale Cemetery, Hersham, United Kingdom [20] Bleicher occasionally appeared and suggested that they might go to concerts and visit restaurants together in Paris, in return for which he hoped she could be induced to talk. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. What is a good mission statement for a salon? She seems to have little experience of the outside world. [2] She had one brother. Women also died from malnourishment, overwork, exposure, lethal injections or obscene experimental surgery. She and Churchill were arrested there on 16 April 1943 by spy-hunter Hugo Bleicher. Wehrmacht soldiers, Vichy police, Abwehr (German military intelligence) and Gestapo were everywhere: control checkpoints, hotels, cafes, trains even brothels. "If I had courage, it was my grandfather's," Sansom told a London Sunday Times interviewer in 1990. Before war broke out in September 1939, Britain had established secret agencies to conduct clandestine operations in Europe. The torture continued. A French agent working for the British during World War II, Odette Sansom left three small daughters to join the Resistance in 1942. Her George Cross, she always maintained, was not to be regarded as an award to her personally, but as an acknowledgment of all those known and unknown, alive or dead, who had served the cause of the liberation of France. Shren, along with his top-ranking prison staff, was executed following the War Crimes Tribunal at Nuremberg. I gave him a nice pat and left him a piece of meat out of fridge. Both Churchill and Sansom were therefore retained in Fresne and frequently interrogated for another eight months. London: Chapman & Hall, 1949. She spent the rest of the war imprisoned in Ravensbrck Concentration Camp. Through an ingenious plot, Bleicher arrested Odette and her commanding officer, Peter Churchill (no relation to the prime minister), on April 16, 1942. Susan Slosberg , writer, New Rochelle, New York. What can I eat if everything makes me sick? Four years later, Sansom was following the fall of France in British newspapers, listening to BBC radio reports as refugees choked every road from Paris to Marseilles while German troops marched down the Champs-lyses. Geoffrey Hallowesm. After the war, Odette's marriage to Roy Sansom was dissolved, and she married Peter Churchill. They claimed they were husband and wife and 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. To be caught with a wireless radiosomething every SOE agent would transport from time to timewas a capital offense. When Odette again refused, the Nazi systematically tore out each of her toenails, one by one. For example, Violette Szabo fought a rearguard action with German units before being captured near Limoges. 13th May 1944 the Germans transported Sansom and seven other SOE She recalled in a post-war interview that while everyone has a breaking point, her feeling was that if she could "survive the next minute without breaking up, that is another minute of life. Despite a report by the camp doctor that she would not survive such conditions for more than a few weeks, after being found unconscious in her cell she was placed in solitary confinement. Auschwitz, 50 Years later: Untold Stories from the death camp but! ( 1912 1995 ) a French/British spy who worked as an SOE operative in France... 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