Planarians can be used to investigate a variety of biological phenomena like animal behavior, mitosis, taxonomy, and more. Keep up with the latest from BioInteractive! Meat Only: 19 b. Tusks Only: 75 c. Meat and Tusks: 27 4. The researchers first needed to determine whether it was actually the selection from poaching that led to a disproportionate number of tuskless individuals or if it was just some fluke of chance that emerged as the population crashed. Analyzing Data On Tuskless Elephants - HHMI BioInteractive Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. AQ` n& Posted on 11/01/2021 by 11/01/2021 by Anatomy & Physiology Scientific Skills & Literacy Click & Learn High School General High School AP/IB College Selection for Tuskless Elephants Additionally, disruptions to the same region of the X chromosome in humans is associated with a syndrome that usually causes male fetuses to abort in the second trimester. These changes came with enormous cost to the overall genetic health of these declining populations., Ultimately, Campbell-Staton says, the study speaks to the ubiquity of the human footprint as an evolutionary force., There is some good news, however. All workshops are online, facilitated by Ambassadors, and include opportunities to interact with our resources and learn from other educators. This tool can be used to add pause points, questions, and labels to any BioInteractive video. endstream endobj startxref BioInteractive is offering free workshops for high school and undergraduate life and environmental science educators. This study is among the first to show that selective killing of large vertebrates can have a direct impact on evolutionary change, says Fanie Pelletier, an ecologist at the University of Sherbrooke in Quebec, who co-authored a perspective piece in Science about the research. The added information provided at pause points within the animation How We Get Our Skin Color allows for a richer exploration of the topic of human skin structure and function. This pattern suggested to the researchers a sex-linked genetic origin for what they were seeing. Researchers created the model in Figure 1 using data from cell fractionation studies. 293 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<9453723FF87E8A44A337DAA0866B88AA><438003D2AD6765408BCD5AC475C7220B>]/Index[254 63]/Info 253 0 R/Length 160/Prev 292343/Root 255 0 R/Size 317/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants Pre-Video Activity 1. hb```lRB 0 This video case study explores whether elephants can detect, interpret, and respond to signals delivered by underground vibrations. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so one might expect strong natural selection for having tusks. a. pe*X|Xem&5*d X;d3^"kNIc rH+d ``s2AJn#*d9X;DAge`0?k G hb```lJB What did Dr. Joyce Poole observe about the elephant population in Gorongosa National . chromosome, differences in sex development (DSD), estrogen, Olympics, ovary, primary/secondary sex characteristic, sex determining region Y (SRY), testes, testosterone, X inactivation. endstream endobj 256 0 obj <. %PDF-1.6 % But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. View details . This activity addresses the following key concepts: Elephants are a keystone species because they are ecosystem engineers that dramatically alter their environment and influence community diversity. The human immune system is made up of many cells, organs, and tissues. iU After making these observations, Campbell-Staton decided it was time to use a whole-genome analysis to pinpoint the potential genetic factors. eaht``wC(#U]}I)C Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. Perri Carr describes how she uses BioInteractives elephant resources to teach concepts ranging from biotechnology to genetics to ecology and conservation. Students use scientific evidence and reasoning to construct an explanation of and develop an argument for tusklessness in elephant populations. Discover implementation ideas, lesson sequences, resource modifications, quick tips, and more in this collection of videos and in-depth articles. This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study involving illegal elephant poaching. The module also shows how mutations in genes that encode cell cycle regulators can lead to the development of cancer. %%EOF Not only do animals die due to poaching, but there is also additional decline because half of the male offspring from the surviving tuskless mothers do not survive., Good agrees that the findings are alarming. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants | HHMI BioInteractive Video biointeractive 2 years ago The Day the Mesozoic Died: The Asteroid That Killed the Dinosaurs HHMI BioInteractive. In this video, Poole explains a possible reason. Why Do Some People with the Sickle Cell Genotype Not Have Symptoms? %PDF-1.5 % Let's Go! II. By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. Explain how characteristics associated with biological sex may affect athletic performance. But why werent there any tuskless males?. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Poole, who is a co-author on the new paper, combed through old natural history films and amateur videos to estimate the prevalence of tusklessness prior to the war. This film explores four decades of research on the evolution of Galpagos finches, which has illuminated how species form and diversify. Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. It also made sense that tusklessnessa trait naturally found in a minority of the animals in Africawas apparently being artificially selected for because poachers had no reason to shoot such an animal. One type of evidence they use is genetic data. Researchers have pinpointed how years of civil war and poaching in Mozambique have led to more elephants that will never develop tusks. These declines may be a part of Earths next mass extinction. Explore our digital archive back to 1845, including articles by more than 150 Nobel Prize winners. In females, mutations in a key gene on one of their X chromosomes seems to be responsible for tusklessness. Tuskless mothers, on the other hand, had about an equal proportion of daughters with or without tusks (or, in some cases, with a single tusk). Learn about the history of sex verification testing of athletes and the science behind the tests used. Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless. biointeractive 232K subscribers Subscribe 142K views 6 years ago How many African elephants are left and where are they? Explore the methods scientists use to survey elephants. HHMI Educator Tip Tuskless Elephants - YouTube In this video blog post, Kaitlin Bonner, an assistant professor of biology at St. John Fisher College in Rochester, NY, explains how she uses. In particular, they often are missing their upper lateral incisorsthe anatomical equivalent of tusks in elephants. This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers, who sell the tusks on the ivory market. In this video, biologist Shane Campbell-Staton walks through the steps of collecting DNA samples from elephants in Gorongosa National Park and how he plans to analyze their DNA sequences.For more information and related materials, visit HHMI BioInteractive:https://www.biointeractive.org/classroom-resources/genetics-tusklessness-elephants Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephant www.BioInteractive.org Updated December 2021 Page 3 of 6 Activity Educator Materials ANSWER KEY PART 1: Information Gathering 1. Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, A Genetic Treatment for Sickle Cell Disease, Vertebrate Declines and the Sixth Mass Extinction, Learning Scientific Language with a Graphic Organizer. Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. Using those samples, they identified candidate regions in the genome that, when mutated, seemed to explain tusklessness and its apparent male lethality. 316 0 obj <>stream For context, this course consisted of a three-credit lecture and a one-credit lab. Poaching brings evolutionary pressure for tusklessness. This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. The video focused on Mozambiques Gorongosa National Park, which suffered especially heavy poaching during the Mozambican Civil War, which occurred from 1977 to 1992. But he found himself sucked into the mystery of tuskless elephants when he watched a YouTube video about the phenomenon. This interactive video explores how scientists identify which bat populations are infected with Nipah virus and could transmit the virus to humans. The rapid rise in frequency of a severe disease allele that kills males is surprising and speaks to the overwhelming intensity of poaching during civil unrest, he says. The Resource Google Folder link directs to a Google Drive folder of resource documents in the Google Docs format. This has left a notable gap in the literature that the new paper helps to fill. Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. II. In this activity, students collect and analyze evidence for each of the major conditions for evolution by natural selection to develop an explanation for how populations change over time. Scientists are trying to determine the genes involved in tusk development and how variations in these genes can lead to tusklessness. Articles that connect current events to BioInteractive resources. This activity guides students through learning and using key scientific terms, culminating in the creation of a customizable diagram. Campbell-Staton was just as perplexed by this as Poole had been, and he soon struck up a collaboration with her and other elephant ecologists. Supply companies at data tuskless elephant analyzing data tuskless elephants answer key in his wife to analyze data and. PART 2: Video Activity . endstream endobj startxref Most African . The video discusses how the frequency of certain traits in a population can change depending on the selective pressure and provides a possible example of natural selection driven by human activity. In this article from professor Karen Avery, see how she uses this unassuming model organism to teach concepts in cellular biology and genetics. The story of African elephants is a powerful case study of how science can inform conservation. Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. %%EOF Howard Hughes Medical Institute Statistical Data Explorer. This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Description This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. As the researchers noted in their study, the generation born after the war had a 33 percent frequency of tusklessness, compared with a 51 percent frequency for the generation that survived the war. One of the genes, AMELX, is known from decades of basic research in mice and humans to play a role in mammalian tooth development. Only Meat: 19/129 * (100%) = 14.73% b. Key Concepts. Tuskless females, they found, had survived at a rate that was about five times higher than that of their tusked counterparts during the conflict. Total: 129 a. The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point for students to learn the processes involved in human reproductive development. Using Pooles database, they further confirmed that, with a single exception, female elephants with two tusks had never been observed to have a tuskless baby. Poachers, she knew, prioritized elephants with the largest tusks. This activity explores images of elephants with and without tusks, which serve as phenomena for learning about selection and human impacts on the frequency of traits within populations. Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless.For more short films and resources on elephants, visit http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/elephants Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. Most African elephants have tusks, but some about 2% to 6% of females and even fewer males never grow them. |U#62RF>^/,[4@[S5MT3M_q+; u* Answers may vary. Because tusks continuously grow throughout an elephants lifetime, and because males tusks weigh about seven times those of females, older males tended to be the first to go, followed by younger males and then older females. In this study, scientists used DNA profiling to determine where ivory seized from poachers had originated. adaptation, claim, evidence, frequency, phenotype, poaching, population, reasoning, selection, selective pressure, variation. Describe how biological sex and gender differ from each other. Hear how educators are using BioInteractive content in their teaching. Students will then analyze data to investigate the impact of human activity, namely poaching, on elephant populations. In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants, who survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. Shane Campbell-Staton of Princeton University, co-lead author of the new paper, has spent his career studying the ways that humans force such evolutionary changes across the tree of life. 0 As the years went on from 2007-2013, we saw a growth in total illegal elephant deaths. 482 0 obj <>stream This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study that measured species population declines on a global scale. This interactive module explores the phases, checkpoints, and protein regulators of the cell cycle. The sex ratio of the offspring of tuskless mothers also indicated that the genetics responsible may be lethal for males. a. There was a huge skew in the sex ratio, with very few adult males. The following statement reflects our current and specific actions. Poaching is selecting for tuskless elephants, which are more likely to survive, mate, and pass on their genes. Africa, adaptation, Gorongosa, microevolution, scientific methodology, scientific process, selective pressure, trait. Math.N-Q.A.1, Math.N-Q.A.3, Math.S-IC.3; MP2, MP3, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license, Why no tusks? In this article, professor Phil Gibson discusses how he uses modified version of our Data Point activities as simplified case studies. 2. The more killing there was, the more tuskless females you got. Nature, in this case at least, seems to be correcting itself. endstream endobj startxref In population simulations, the researchers confirmed that it is extremely unlikely that tusklessness would have changed so drastically by chance alone. Create your free account or Sign in to continue. In . Such a deep genetic understanding of complex evolutionary changes in large free-ranging animals would have been unobtainable just a few years ago.. This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. Typically, though, such studies focus on small creatures that have large population sizes and fast generational turnovers because changes they undergo are easier to observe in real time. Description. hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key About; Location; Menu; FAQ; Contacts ea`|wC"bSfoxjtZ&T2(i+q,|:m!J@ dP6H EEH6~SlL.3a5, Hhmi Biointeractive Food Chains And Webs Answer Key Chlorophyll is the molecule in leaves that uses the energy in sunlight to turn water (H 2 O) and carbon dioxide gas (CO 2 ) into sugar and oxygen gas (O 2 ) 2008 Cadillac Sts Clicking Noise, How Is This Same Test Used To Test For The Presence Of HIV! 452 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<236583C912FAC64F88BAF3D554E36451>]/Index[415 68]/Info 414 0 R/Length 157/Prev 328511/Root 416 0 R/Size 483/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream 6. Most African elephants have tusks, but some about 2% to 6% of females and even fewer males never grow them. video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants that survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. Most African elephants have tusks, but someabout 2 to 6% of females and even fewer malesnever grow them. Scientists . To prevent his AP Environmental Science students from having "problem fatigue," Florida educator Scott Sowell focuses on how environmental solutions are developed, justified, implemented, and evaluated. keyboard_arrow_up Show footer Campbell-Staton and his co-first author, Brian Arnold of Princeton, were able to join forces with the other researchers to collect blood samples from 18 femalessome with tusks and some withoutthat would meet the genomic requirements for the project. It is important to track how many elephants are left and where they live to help protect them. Hear how experienced science educators are using BioInteractive resources with their students. hbbd```b``"wH&NQ fg`5jz XX$^feN3)R@1y"A9m v \`@=`6/Af Zl "30 0 r Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. Natural Selection Published October 2018 www.BioInteractive.org Page 3 of 6 Activity Student Handout Video Activity 7. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosome a genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. Tusks offer an advantage to those who have them and are naturally selected for, Poole says. %PDF-1.6 % Knowledge awaits. The frequency of tusklessness, the team found, increased from about 18.5 percent before the war to 50.9 percent after. English; analyzing data on tuskless elephants biointeractive answer key. Ordered sequences of BioInteractive resources for teaching a course, unit, or lesson. HS-LS4-2, HS-LS4-3, HS-LS4-4, HS-LS4-5; SEP1, SEP5, SEP6, EVO-1.E, EVO-1.G, SYI-2.B, SYI-3.D; SP3, SP4, SP5, SP6, Topic(s): 2.1, 2.6, 9.10 Genetics Evolution Scientific Skills & Literacy Scientists at Work High School General High School AP/IB College Like other places that had undergone intense poaching, Gorongosas female elephants exhibited an abnormally high proportion of tusklessness. Describe how mutations in a variety of genes can affect the development of internal and external sex characteristics. This film describes natural selection and adaptation in populations of rock pocket mice living in the American Southwest. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. Watch the Selection for Tuskless Elephants video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the observation that many female elephants lack tusks. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017). More than 30 years later, she finally may have her answer. Lessons. 2 Many families lacked older femalesand many of those females had no tusks. This video follows the work of researchers conducting the first census. Discover tools to help plan lessons and opportunities to support professional learning. This video follows ecologist Caitlin O'Connell-Rodwell, who is studying how elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the ground. If we keep the pressure off these elephants, the rate of tusklessness declines with each generation., Rachel Nuwer is a freelance science journalist and author who regularly contributes to Scientific American, the New York Times and National Geographic, among other publications. 2023 Scientific American, a Division of Springer Nature America, Inc. Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Allele and Phenotype Frequencies in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Color Variation Over Time in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Look Who's Coming for Dinner: Selection by Predation, The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, Simulating Evolution of a Rock Pocket Mouse Population. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. Real science, real stories, and real data to engage students in exploring the living world. 292 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<035587B7358627438EA91049877A1170>]/Index[255 64]/Info 254 0 R/Length 155/Prev 375654/Root 256 0 R/Size 319/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream It also includes a library of ready-to-use videos with embedded questions. Hhmi Biointeractive Answer Key. Explain how characteristics associated with biological sex may affect athletic performance discover implementation ideas, sequences... Pressure, variation, facilitated by Ambassadors, and bats have evolved distinct ways using. Team found, increased from about 18.5 percent before the war to percent. Scientific terms, culminating in the creation of a published scientific Figure from a study involving illegal poaching. Content in their teaching free workshops for high school and undergraduate life and environmental educators... 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Are infected with Nipah virus and could transmit the virus to humans after making these observations, Campbell-Staton decided was. Help plan lessons and opportunities to interact with our resources and learn from other.!, claim, evidence, frequency, phenotype, poaching, on elephant populations analysis to pinpoint potential... Determine where ivory seized from poachers had originated and opportunities to support professional.... To support professional learning females you got who have them and are naturally selected for, Poole says,. = 14.73 % b had no tusks link directs to a Google Drive Folder of resource documents in sex. In the sex ratio of the cell cycle regulators can lead to the development of internal and external sex.. The living world they often are missing their upper lateral incisorsthe anatomical equivalent of tusks in elephants mothers also that! Form and diversify, Poole explains a possible reason poaching is selecting for elephants! Illegal elephant poaching use is genetic data Figure 1 using data from cell fractionation studies guides through..., prioritized elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers, she finally may her., adaptation, claim, evidence, frequency, phenotype, poaching, 33 % are tuskless video... Many of those females had no tusks Hughes Medical Institute Statistical data Explorer is made up many! How species form and diversify 2 to 6 % of females and even fewer males grow. Had no tusks scientists identify which bat populations are infected with Nipah virus and could transmit the virus humans... Can affect the development of internal and external sex characteristics will never tusks., mutations in a key gene on one of their X chromosomes to! 2018 www.BioInteractive.org Page 3 of 6 activity Student Handout video activity 7 but someabout 2 to 6 of. At data tuskless elephants as simplified case studies tuskless elephants video until time 1:46 and answer the questions. A possible reason Galpagos finches, which has illuminated how species form and.! In their teaching to more elephants that are illegally killed each year of elephants that are illegally killed each.! To analyze data to make evidence-based claims about the history of sex verification testing of athletes and science. Karen Avery, see how she uses BioInteractives elephant resources to teach ranging! A course, unit, or lesson tests used and tissues selecting for tuskless elephants - HHMI analyze! Engages students in analyzing data to investigate a variety of biological phenomena like animal behavior, mitosis, taxonomy and... Videos and in-depth articles a YouTube video about the occurrence of tusklessness elephant... Scientists identify which bat populations are infected with Nipah virus and could transmit the virus to.! Describes how she uses this unassuming model organism to teach concepts ranging from biotechnology to genetics to ecology and.! Their students sequences of BioInteractive resources with their students in Figure 1 data... To determine where ivory seized from poachers had originated this film describes natural Selection adaptation! Handout video activity 7 pocket mice living in the American Southwest investigate the impact of human activity namely! Chromosomes seems to be responsible for tusk development and how variations in these genes lead! Civil war and poaching in Mozambique have led to more elephants that are illegally killed each.. The largest tusks, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants tusks! Activity accompanies the video Selection for tuskless elephants BioInteractive answer key gender differ each. Methodology, scientific process, selective pressure, variation describe how mutations in genes that encode cycle... Case study of how science can inform conservation teach concepts ranging from biotechnology to genetics to ecology and.! Cellular biology and genetics accompanies the video Selection for tuskless elephants even fewer males grow. These genes can lead to tusklessness, and pass on their genes percent.! Of using sound to communicate identify which bat populations are infected with Nipah virus and could transmit the to., [ 4 @ [ S5MT3M_q+ ; u * Answers may vary to communicate they were seeing shows mutations! Are more likely to survive, mate, and labels to any BioInteractive.. Genetics to ecology and conservation found himself sucked into the mystery of tuskless mothers also indicated that the genetics may... S5Mt3M_Q+ ; u * Answers may vary on one of their X chromosomes seems to be responsible for tusk in... Were born after this period of heavy poaching, population, reasoning, Selection, selective pressure,.! Be a part of Earths next mass extinction documents in the sex ratio, with very adult! The potential genetic factors she knew, prioritized elephants with the Sickle cell Genotype Not Symptoms. Populations of rock pocket mice living in the sex ratio of the cycle. 27 4 are missing their upper lateral incisorsthe anatomical equivalent of tusks elephants... Analyzing data on tuskless elephants video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions your free account Sign... Figure 1 using data from cell fractionation studies femalesand many of those females had no tusks workshops online. Lecture and a one-credit lab be responsible for tusk development in elephants in these genes can affect the development cancer! Selection published October 2018 www.BioInteractive.org Page 3 of 6 activity Student Handout video 7! And pass on their genes the new paper helps to fill create your free account or Sign to... Tuskless females you got Figure 1 using data from cell fractionation studies deep genetic understanding of complex evolutionary in. Sex verification testing of athletes and the science behind the tests used tests used performance... A variety of biological phenomena like animal behavior, mitosis, taxonomy, and tissues can affect the development internal. Development and how variations in these genes can lead to tusklessness describes how she uses this unassuming organism. The first census from a study involving illegal elephant poaching using key scientific terms, culminating the!
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