Everyone was capable and equal. It was strange how quickly the students took to this uniform code of behavior I began to wonder just how far they could be pushed. Not a vacant seat could be found. It was easy. When you're playing against all the odds the best action to take is to try the unexpected. In the split second of my race back in time Steve sensed my questioning and backed up. [9] Jones then assigned each of his students an individual assignment, such as designing a Third Wave banner, stopping non-members from entering the class, or recruiting their friends to join the movement. The act of apology. The room was empty of sound. The plea of ignorance. Jones was himself alarmed by how far his students took the movement to heart and how they orchestrated a group of guardians and SS style spies to worm out the traitors to the movement. How could this be? Within days, they had a motto, flag, salute, and began to view themselves as an exclusive, elite group. To be number one. The subjects of the experiment were given four prompts, used by the experimenter whenever the subject started to doubt the ethics of their participation. Pledge allegiance to that society. (I later found out it was the father of one of the students. Eventually, Jones entered via the back of the room and walked to the front. Returning once again to the analyses made by Haslam, we can formulise different conclusions to the Third Wave Experiment which itself relates closely to other experiments and studies being made in the post-war years. Soon everyone in the class began popping up with answers and questions. I had a bodyguard. The Milgram experiment was a famous and controversial study that explored the effects of authority on obedience. The Third Wave experiment took place at Cubberley High School in Palo Alto, California during the first week of April in 1967. Tyranny evidently takes hold easier and with much more force than we can imagine, since these students were of course not threatened with their lives, unlike the German people under Nazi rule. Joness students regretted their having followed a tyrannical regime, even though it was fake, and the subjects of Milgrams experiment followed orders because they perceived the experimenter as having some kind of legitimate authority. invisible. Schoolteacher Ron Jones's personal account of his experiment which created a proto-fascist movement amongst his high school pupils in Palo Alto, California, which in 2008 was subject of the award-winning film The Wave. PS I'd LOVE to hear voices of his former students in general and from his class that he described in specific. I began to think that the students might do anything I assigned. pride, and action. Conditions that produce tyranny could be the presence of an apparently legitimate authority, a certain motivational interest, and/or threats and manipulation. To grab quick solution. You are no better or worse than the German Nazis we have been studying. Following the analyses of Israeli-German historian, Yaacov Lozowick, two British professors, Alex Haslam and Steve Reicher, have studied the experiments of Stanley Milgram and Philip Zimbardo. I felt sick to my stomach. The Wave is a made-for-TV movie directed by Alex Grasshoff, based on The Third Wave experiment put on by teacher Ron Jones to explain to his students how the German populace could accept the actions of the Nazi regime. The Librarian thanked me for the 30' banner on learning which she placed above the library entrance. On the contrary, he had not simply followed orders blindly, he had actually planned his actions in great detailhe was an author of the Holocaust. The Third Wave experiment took place at Cubberley High School in Palo Alto, California during the first week of April in 1967. Thanks, Eugene "The first few days, the Third Wave was a game. he was a body guard. I found it harder and harder to extract myself from the momentum and identity that the class was developing. He walked always on my right. "Listen closely, I have something important to tell you." How can a people be a part of something and then claim at the demise that they were not really involved' What causes people to blank out their own history? These ones feel that a power is born in the class and that the class forms a group, not only a students' class. The high school was well known for its progressive philosophy, but the parents and some of Joness colleagues were angry with the experiment because the students were young and impressionable. With that, I gave the salute followed automatically by two hundred arms stabbing a reply. Students were withdrawing their arms from behind their chairs. Milgram conducted his experiment in 1963, four years before The Third Wave Experiment in Palo Alto. For years after the second world war, when the world had time to reflect, we had taken the conclusions of these experiments and the words of Arendt to conclude that evil, in itself, is banal, and can be found in the most ordinary of upstanding citizens. The real gestapo in the school was at work. I now can appreciate why the astronomer turns relentlessly to the telescope. Now that I look back, they appeared much like the child with so called learning disability. What's his name? In the confusion of the moment I moved slowly toward the television. "Strength Through Community." This shows that many ordinary people will refuse to follow tyrannical orders if it becomes clear to them that they do have a choice. Prompted by the trial of high-ranking Nazi and Holocaust-coordinator Adolf Eichmann, Milgram wished to assess whether . Well, the Third Wave gave Robert a place in school. Manipulated. Following my description of community I once again told the class that community like discipline must be experienced if it is to be understood. It's a bit of both isn't it? In the beginning, the students treated the new regime as a game but became more serious once their teacher told them their marks were at stake. I felt very alone and a little scared. They discovered that the usually accepted conclusions of these experiments are in fact far from what they should be. To build a special society. The trouble with the situation and role I had created was that I didn't have time to think where it was leading. Even stranger was the gradual improvement in the quality of answers. Was all my belief in Carl Rogers to shrivel and die? By this, the fourth day of the experiment I was beginning to lose my own arguments. Something in all of us. The autobiography of Albert Parsons, Haymarket martyr, written from prison. Yes, I had been pushing information at them in an extremely controlled setting but the fact that they found it comfortable and acceptable was startling. These American students did not believe that they would have been so easily tricked, and their teacher set out to prove them wrong. He calls me Mr. Jones. I was only doing my job. Jones was fired from teaching after a year-long discussion, but his work continues to be recognised and appreciated all over the world. As abruptly as it started the film froze to a halt on a single written frame. The mystique of thirty individuals doing this strange gyration soon brought more attention to the class and its experiment into the German personality. I then said the words "Strength Through Discipline" followed by a repetitive chorus. Students were cutting class to participate and the school counselors were beginning to question every student in the class. By Thursday the class had swollen in size to over eighty students. ", "It's all set for tomorrow. It's your job to read this pamphlet and report its entire content to the class before the period ends. I waited for several minutes to let everyone catch up. in fact I instructed the class in a sitting posture. Apparently not all psychologists were fully convinced about the complete failure of the Milgram experiment, as a study on an . The students began to look at each other and sense the power of belonging. Each time the response was louder. I didn't know the answer. It was equally disconcerting to realize that complex and time consuming written homework assignments on German life were being completed and even enlarged on by students. Being a follower. I was now standing next to the television directly facing the room full of people. The tears that fell when they realised they had been so easily deceived were real, and it was a lesson that they didnt forget, as documented in Lesson Plan. The school cook asked what a Third Wave cookie looked like. I confessed my feeling of sickness and remorse. Turned our head as friends and neighbors were cursed and then persecuted. Just smiling and saluting other class members. Every fibre strained to perform the deed. Robert is like so many kids in school that don't excel or cause trouble. The reproduction of a tyrannical atmosphere was successful, even if it is not strictly possible to reproduce specifically all the conditions required within a historical setting. It follows that when someone has committed irrational actssuch as exterminating a large group of people according to their religion and/or geneticsthey will endeavour to rationalise their actions using any excuse, thus rendering their actions banal, in their eyes acceptable and understandable. They began to panic. I particularly remember Robert. While the class sat in stern silence I began to talk lecture sermonize about the value of community. In the faculty room (closed to students) he stood at silent attention while I gulped some coffee. It was for class members only. The maneuver took five seconds. set I had in the front of the room. . The feeling of never acting, never being a part of something, never supporting each other. They waited. He decided to create a fictional social movement as a demonstration of the appeal of fascism. That's how it all started. Jones decided to continue the experiment after observing his students' strict adherence to the previous day's rules. The group seemed to be composed of students from many persuasions. We had lots of rules, we had lots of things we had to do," recalls one of Jones's former students in the 2011 documentary Lesson Plan: The Story of the Third Wave. We did noise drills in which talking was allowed only to be shown as a detraction. Our class came up with the motto the "the third wave" and the salute, but it stayed in our class and was not carried out into the school. In telling their parents of the experiment they set up a brief chain of events. "The Third Wave presents inside look at Fascism". May 14, 2022 Lauren Coontz. A societal instinct we hide within our franchise restaurants and T.V. The experiment continued. You have been used. the average citizen, claim at the end of the Third Reich that they knew nothing of what was going on. If we can change the way that school is run, we can change the way that factories, stores, universities and all the other institutions are run. "It's your task to design a Third Wave Banner. You will keep this day and this rally a secret. Jones announced to the class that this movement was a part of a nationwide movement and that on the next day a presidential candidate of the Third Wave would announce its existence to the public. Within this avalanche of reporting one legitimate conspiracy did seem underway . Three women in the class had told their parents all about our classroom activities. You would be walking down the hall when all of a sudden three classmates would turn your way each flashing a quick salute. What does he do now (or after he was fired)? I demanded that they leave the room. Knowing that one is being monitored changes ones behaviour significantly. . The factors that motivated the students then were: fear of losing marks; confidence and pride in their tutor; and a desire to be part of an exciting new movement that would change their world. My God He's a member of the Third Wave. We have seen that fascism is not just something those other people did. Let me show you your future. Proper seating became the most important aspect of learning. The room remained in fixed silence but for the first time I could sense people breathing. For a week in the middle of a school year we had shared fully in life. A fever pitch of excitement swelled across the room. Instead of allowing them to call him Ron as usual, he insisted that they started to refer to him either as Mr Jones or as Sir. "It's over." 2008 German Movie "Die Welle". Where is their curiosity or resistance to this marshal behavior. In as such as there were several months still to go in the school year and I was already at World War II, I decided to take a week and explore the question. In a high school in Palo Alto, a relatively bourgeois suburb of San Francisco, in Ron Joness history class in 1967, the young students were studying Nazi Germany, when Jones noticed that the students struggled to believe how ordinary people, like the constituents of Hitler Youth, could have allowed tyranny to reign over their country. We knew that it was interesting learning about different political systems, but not something we would ever emulate. The only thing that allowed them all to fit was the enforced discipline of sitting in silence at attention. As the class period was ending and without forethought I created a class salute. (2019, Dec 05). I was now acting instinctively as a dictator. Below this I wrote a second law, "STRENGTH THROUGH COMMUNITY.". It isnt an exact science and cannot, despite what many Anglo-American philosophers say, be reduced to physics. On the third day, Jones began to worry that things were going too far. This exercise in fascism took place in Palo Alto, California. While the class sat at attention I gave each person a card. To conclude the session on direct action, I instructed students in a simple procedure for initiating new members. 2010 Third Wave Documentary Film "Lesson Plan". Retrieved from https . "Mr. Jones, for the first time I'm learning lots of things." The rewards they were accustomed to winning just didn't exist in the experiment. Be seated. I was probing deeper and deeper into my own perceptions and the motivations for group and individual action. I saluted back. The third wave, 1967: an account - Ron Jones. Some swirled back to momentarily hold Robert and me. At least he was equal to everyone. I expected a flood of questions, but instead got intense quietness. You're walking down the street, eating at a secluded restaurant, or buying some underwear when all of a sudden an ex-student pops up to say hello. I now began to ponder not just how far this class could be pushed but how such I would change my basic beliefs toward an open classroom and self directed learning. Explained from the beginning, how Ron Jones (the experimenter) came up with the idea of conducting a social ex. Adolf Eichmann, however, was no ordinary man. And I daily argued to myself on the benefits of the learning experience. We talked and laughed about the Third Wave for the next few hours. The Third Wave Is a nationwide program to find students who are willing to fight for political change in this country. "Everyone turned in shock. The school was alive with conjecture and curiosity. The events of the experiment were adapted into a 1981 US TV special, In 2001, a musical adaptation written by Olaf Pyttlik premiered at the, "The Pride of Lakewood", a 2010 episode of children's animated series. The pleasure of doing something right and being rewarded. Finally questions began to emerge. My heart was pounding. "Mr. Jones, have you seen this advertisement in Time magazine? Ron Jones has embellished the story considerably since being kicked out of Cubberley High School way back when. History teacher Ron Jones was struggling to explain to his students how large groups of people often followed the crowd, even when historically terrible things were happening. first to the despondent student and then back to the television. This page was last edited on 15 February 2023, at 16:27. In our own personal habits and way of life. Milgram himself was an American Jew and came to the conclusion that ordinary people were easily led into situations in which they directly caused harm when there was a presence of perceived legitimate authority telling them to do so. The German Nazi era was no different, The Nazi's felt they where now a part of something, where every one "in" where equal. I have participated in similar experiments and also discovered the innate being inside is so easily manipulated due to a childlike want for approval and purpose being just the way they are. Someone stood up and shouted. The Hawthorne effect is often a problem found when considering both ethics and fallibility of social experimentation, since the decision to tell the subjects of an experiment that they are being observed will inevitably lead them to change their behaviour. It's now just a dream, something to remember, no it's something we tried to forget. The Third Wave. Can I do it Kr. When accosted by an English teacher for being a student in the "teachers' room" her just smiled and informed the faculty member that he wasn't a student. we each have witnessed something over the past week. After 5 days students were informed it was an experiment on how NAZIsm spread. It can't be destroyed ", In the midst of this crescendo I abruptly changed and lowered my voice to announce the real reason for the Third Wave. It debuted October 4, 1981, and almost two years later as an ABC Afterschool Special.It starred Bruce Davison as the teacher Ben Ross, a character based on Jones. Here I was enacting an authoritarian learning environment and it seemed very productive. To make the salute you brought your right hand up toward the right shoulder in a curled position. He was polite and condescending. Was The Wave Experiment by Ben Ross Succesful. To provide an encounter with community I had the class recite in unison "Strength Through Discipline." Why did the students accept the authority I was imposing? The subjects were told that they were taking part in a rare experiment studying education. (From around 2010) Robert was sobbing. Oh, we talked and studied our actions intently. This posture started with feet flat on the floor, hands placed flat across the small of the back to force a straight alignment of the spine. He normally let them call him Ron, and was much respected, charismatic and popular. It was rewarding to see their satisfaction and excitement to do more. Jones told his students of the true nature of the movement as an experiment in fascism, and presented to them a short film discussing the actions of Nazi Germany.[9]. This is exactly what happened across one . He created an authoritative dictatorship in his classroom. At that time, the Nazi regime was being widely studied, and the world asked itself how such atrocities could have occurred in so-called civilised states. Throughout the next few days students in the class would exchange this greeting. Ron Joness students didnt know they were taking part in an attempt to show how they too could fall into step when a tyrannical authority was present. New people were speaking. It was a full page color advertisement in the current issue of Time for some lumber products. There was much more to see and try to understand. You can't admit to being manipulated. Minimal Lite is a stunning, fully responsive, WordPress blogging theme suitable for any kind of blog, personal, fashion, food, travel, photography, publishing or tutorial blog sites. Kids were instructed in posture, began each remark with Mr. and saluted. [9] Subsequent articles by other authors followed, some featuring interviews with Jones and the students involved. Like awakening from a dream and deep sleep, the entire room of people took one last look back into their consciousness. They even seemed to be asking better questions and treating each other with more compassion. did not have this sense of ambivalence of what the hell we are doing here that promotes reflection and inquiry. He then apologized to them for how far it all had gone, and played them a film about the Nazi regime to conclude the experiment.[9]. The Third Wave was an experimental social movement created by California high school history teacher Ron Jones in 1967 to explain how the German population could have accepted the actions of the Nazi regime during the rise of the Third Reich and the Second World War.. We just stood there exchanging smiles when without a conscious command I raised my hand in curved position. . 'Lesson Plan' is a documentary featuring interviews of the original students and teacher of the 1967 Third Wave experiment. The discipline. In concluding this conversation I envisioned similar conversations throughout history in which the clergy accepted and apologized for untenable conditions. "There isn't any leader is there?" I told the assembly that a full explanation would take quite a while. The third wave, 1967: an account - Ron Jones. Strength Through Action!" After the studies of Drs Alex Haslam and Steve Reicher, the common conclusions have been ditched, and Hannah Arendts words have been reanalysed to provide a new conclusion to the causes and nature of tyranny and evil. The first congress of the Red Trade Union International at Moscow, 1921. Class expanded from its initial 30 students to a total of 43. As I spent more time playing the role I had less time to remember its rational origins and purpose. It also helps us understand further how the Holocaust could have happened. We need to rethink the misconstrued conclusions of social experimentation in the 20th century, Reexamining the Third Wave Experiment and the Banality of Evil, Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window), Transphobic Social-Media Vigilantes Endanger the Black Community, Free-Speech and Hypocrisy: How JK Rowling Silences Her Critics. We worked on this simple act for the entire class period. I notice that he never mentioned our class because we were smart enough to know that it was all about showing us different political systems. You chose to accept that group's will and the big lie over your own conviction. all?) Oh he tried harder than anyone I know to be successful. "Can we bring friends?" and not themselves. To be right. it's discipline. I marked three of the cards with a red X and informed the recipients that they had a special assignment to report any students not complying to class rules. Yes, we know in a small way what it feels like to find a hero. But he's best known for the Third Wave experiment, in which he simulated a fascist movement without telling his class what it really was. Students had, of their own accord, assigned themselves as guards, and even fought for The Third Wave in the corridors. Not a single student elected to leave the room. Powerful. In 1967, teacher Ron Jones conducted a social experiment with unexpected results. TIL about the Third Wave experiment. Many critics believe that the so-called soft sciences such as sociology cannot produce any accurate conclusions, but the thesis brought forward recently by Haslam and Reicher is strong and has, with the help of other theorists, built a new attitude towards the conclusions arising from social experiments. "Everyone must accept the blame No one can claim that they didn't in some way take part.". They included . Robert was big for his age and displayed very few academic skills. O my Gosh, I thought this story was amazing. The student was, in fact, an actor behind a screen in a different room, who would plead and let out cries of pain as the fictional volts increased. I shared this silence with two hundred students. A presence that will not change. They were also acknowledged for doing this in a crisp and attentive manner. Or he is exaggerating, or what? I'm afraid something will happen to you. In slow methodic tone I explained what was behind the Third Wave. Past week who are willing to fight for political change in this.! Cookie looked like interviews with Jones and the students was amazing their arms from their... Trial of high-ranking Nazi and Holocaust-coordinator Adolf Eichmann, however, was ordinary! We are doing here that promotes reflection and inquiry fully in life I again! 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