People can achieve this by altering the following aspects of the electrical current: Intensity: A dial allows the user to adjust the intensity of the electrical stimulation. Please Note: The information provided in this article is not intended as a substitute for professional medical advice or treatment for specific medical conditions. We link primary sources including studies, scientific references, and statistics within each article and also list them in the resources section at the bottom of our articles. Tens Unit Pad Placement- 9 Tips For Effective Use: 1. Narrowed arteries are less capable of moving blood through your body. People who experience pain relief from TENS may be able to reduce their intake of pain medications, some of which can be addictive or cause adverse side effects. Attach both pads on either side of the joint or area with pain. For treating the upper part of the forearm as well, extend any pad vertically to reach out on the forearm to triangulate the area of pain. Wash the area of skin where you will be placing the electrodes, using mild soap and water before applying electrodes, and after taking them off. The advantage of TENS is well tolerated and largely without side-effects, but also an extremely popular tool/device. Also, if you end up finding a great placement make them mark it with a marking pen so that you or the next person attaching them would know where it worked for you the last time. However, persistent or recurring pain can be a sign of an, Fibromyalgia is more common in women than in men, so men might find it harder to get a diagnosis. Tens Pads Placement. Listed below are some key video examples of lower limb electrode positioning by Axelgaard. To prevent this, apply electrodes from center outward; avoid stretching over the skin. One study found that TENS treatment provided temporary pain relief for people with fibromyalgia while the machine was in use. Leg Pain: Place either side of your lower back. PAD is a circulatory condition that causes narrowing of the blood vessels and arteries. To establish that the product manufacturers addressed safety and efficacy standards, we: We do the research so you can find trusted products for your health and wellness. Poor blood circulation can be unpleasant. Secure the pads with medical tapes. Choosing a selection results in a full page refresh. The back pad provides relaxation of the muscles and improvement of the pain situation. 855-723-2582 | wecare@iReliev.com The gentle electrical pulses increase the production of the body's natural pain killer, such as endorphins. Rechargeable Combined TENS & Muscle Stimulators, Med-Fit Painless Electrodes with remote contol, Dual Frequency 1MHz & 3MHz Ultrasound Machine, 10 Tips to Get Relief from Muscle Soreness, Pain Management Techniques: Active & Passive Pain Management, Premier Professional TENS Machine and Muscle Stimulator (Programmes & Manual Adjustment), Med-Fit 2 Premier Wireless Dual Channel TENS & Neuromuscular Stimulator, Premier TENS Machine and Muscle Stimulator fully rechargeable (Programmes only). To relieve this, simply place the TENS pads on your traps, the nape, or near the upper spine. The big electrode pad for the back 20 x 12 cm is the right choice for TENS therapy of the lower back, because it covers a large area and stimulates it efficiently. The unit sends an electrical current, or an electrical pulse, from and to the pads whenever activated. Low-frequency (LF) pulses range from 1 to 20 cycles per second and are suitable for the treatment of chronic pain. A., Vance, C. G. T., Liebano, R. E., Anand, A. S., Bush, H. M., Sluka, K. A. Electrical stimulation, also referred to as e-stim, NMES, or FES, can be an effective tool in reducing the symptoms of stroke, such as increasing strength and function. Doing this will help identify the sharpest pain point. Large, easy to read display. The way to place the electrode pads is similar to how to place them for the lower back pain, except of course place them higher. Tens Pad Placement For Leg Circulation for 2022 are among the top 20 most searched words. The joints stability comes from the structural arrangement of the bones and the surrounding muscles and ligaments. Dry it well Apply the sticky electrode pad around the painful areas. Many skin irritations occur from the "pulling stress" from adhesive patches that are excessively stretched across the skin during application. A TENS machine is a non-invasive way to manage your pain. Spinal Pain: Place either side of your spine. These veins cannot move blood as efficiently as other veins. Fibromyalgia is a condition that causes chronic pain. the site of pain by wired electrodes that are taped to the surface of the skin. 5825 Park Vista Circle Fort Worth, Texas 76244 WeCare@iReliev.com, 855-723-2582 Hours: 8am - 4pm CST, This website uses cookies to enhance user experience and to analyze performance and traffic on our website.DetailsAccept Cookies, Copyright 2021 ExcelHealth Inc. |All Rights Reserved|Powered by iReliev |, Wireless TENS + EMS Therapeutic Wearable System, Premium TENS + EMS Pain Relief & Recovery, Pain Relief Gel, Topical, Colorless, 6% Menthol, Spectra 360 Conductive Gel, 250 Gram Tube (8 02. Dispose your old TENS machine according to the label or return it to the retailer. Some say that, due to the blocking of nerve signals, a TENS machine also causes one to increase natural endorphins also known as "The feel-good-chemical". You should start feeling a soothing effect from TENS almost immediately once you have identified the right settings and most effective location for pad placement. You can use both two or four pads for treating lower back pain, but I always suggest four, since it will triangulate the area of pain much better. They can develop almost anywhere in your body, but a blood clot that develops in your arms or legs can lead to circulation problems. Why not stay up to date with our latest sellers, products and online exclusive offers by signing up to our newsletter. As part of your management plan for diagnosed poor circulation, you may use electrical nerve stimulation and cell stimulation. Omega Professional Tens & NMES/EMS Combo Unit for Ultimate Pain Relief, Omega Wireless TENS Foot Stimulator with Remote Control. Is the ketogenic diet right for autoimmune conditions? - Electrode pads must be small and high-quality. To handle and pain related to sciatica, use either two, or most preferably, four electrode pads placed above and under the area on pain. Always seek professional advice with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition mentioned in this article and use your best judgment. Electrodes are attached to the body and can be moved to target the source of the discomfort, making it a low risk treatment option. Please enter your email address. Swelling and fatigue of the calf is presumably caused by congestion of blood and accumulation of fatigue substances in that region. Wright, A. For knee pain, place your TENS unit pads just a little below the kneecap and the pod just above it. Congratulations if it is! ExcelHealth develops FDA cleared, consumer-friendly electrotherapy devices to meet a variety of needs, all in one innovative brand called iReliev. The electrodes should be discarded when they are no longer adhering. This is due to the multi-use gel body pads that come with the device. Choose a TENS pad placement that is not over significant muscles. Use TENS and EMS therapies for ankle sprain, strain or fracture Ankle The ankle joint is a hinge joint formed between the bones of the lower leg (tibia and fibula) and a bone of the foot (talus). It is vital never to place the electrodes on either the front of the neck or the eyes. A TENS Machine can be used for more than this, but whenever mentioning any result or success in dealing with T.E.N.S, this is what I am referring to. Last medically reviewed on November 9, 2018, Nociceptive pain results from physical trauma, such as a sports injury, arthritis, dental procedure, or stubbing a toe. Attach one pad to the sole and another one to the calf. Thanks for contacting us. This electrical pulse stimulates the release of the bodys own natural opioid pain-relieving chemicals. The placement of the pads can be crucial in achieving the best benefits with your TENS therapy session. Our TENS 7000 TENS Unit is one of the top-rated over-the-counter TENS units, having sold over two million since 2008. Pad Placement Instructions for DR-HO'S TENS Devices DR-HO'S 18.6K subscribers 53K views 2 years ago Get instructions for proper pad placement for DR-HO'S Pain Therapy System 4-Pad,. TENS units work by delivering small electrical impulses through electrodes that have adhesive pads to attach them to a persons skin. Get your first bottle of MisterBack Back Pain Relief Cream for 15% off. Guide to placing your TENS pads Shoulder Stiff shoulders are presumably caused by blood congestion of trapezius muscle that moves shoulders, compression of nerves by the accumulation of fatigue substances, or poor blood circulation of subcutaneous tissues such as muscles. Application of Re-usable self Adhesive Electrodes, read our documentation for those who should not use a TENS and EMS unit. Your personal data will be used to support your experience throughout this website, to manage access to your account, and for other purposes described in our privacy policy. Debra Sullivan, Ph.D., MSN, R.N., CNE, COI, How sound and electrical body stimulation could help treat chronic pain. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. ), Hard Protective Carrying Case for ET-1313 & ET-7070, Hard Protective Carry Case for Wireless TENS EMS, Hard Protective Carry Case for Premium TENS + EMS, Wireless Large & Small Electrode Pad Refill Kit. This is however only temporary pain-release and can work for example a migraine. An overview of medical acupuncture, TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation). TENS Electrode Placement Chart TENS Electrode Pad Placement Charts for Treating Pain Use the diagrams below as a guide for where to place your pads to treat pain on different areas of your body while using the TENS frequency setting. Remove the electrodes from the protective liner and apply the electrodes firmly to the treatment site. Lower back and leg pain can result from poor posture and overstraining the back muscles. PayPal: Shop easily online without having to enter your credit card details on the website. Large Gel Body Pads: These larger pads are also long-lasting and highly conductive. Further Information can be found here. Pain on the entire back: position the . TENS therapy is a medication-free way of alleviating your restless leg syndrome. Actegy Health Inc. 6400 Shafer Court, Suite 225, Rosemont, IL 60018. . Robertson, Ward, et al: Electrotherapy Explained - Principles and Practice; Butterworth Heinemann for Elsevier Health Services; 2006. Further Informationcan be found here. We've sent you an email with a link to update your password. But some of these injuries can be as follows: TENS is acknowledged and claimed to be a non-invasive and drug-free method for pain relief. Please Note:consult your physician / healthcare professional before using an Electric Muscle Stimulator. According to a 2014 review, HF TENS treats pain more effectively than LF TENS. New (12) from$32.91 & FREE Shipping. TENS therapy is a drug-free, affordable way to manage and treat pain when needed. TENS Protocols | Peripheral Neuropathy (lower extremities) continued 21 Peripheral Neuropathy (lower extremities) continued Electrode Placement Option 2 Channel 1: Place electrodes bilaterally on the low back at the nerve root level of involvement. Experts believe that this assists the body in producing endorphins. You should not get a muscle contraction when using TENS. Nociceptive and neuropathic pain: What are they? Pain sucks. I've watched my Dad and Aunts struggle with debilitating back pain. In this article, learn more about the uses of a TENS machine and the research on its effectiveness. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. But it wasn't just me. Acupuncture is a practice that uses needles to stimulate the nerves beneath the skin at specific locations known as acupuncture points. JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. What makes a TENS Unit so popular is the ability to target almost any pain point on your body as well as customize the treatment intensity and length. You won't be able to move during therapy sessions. Acupuncture. Use of transcutaneous nerve stimulator (TENS) for localized pain relief a review. Units often have That is, both on the lower back and the upper (thigh) leg area. This, Connect the electrodes to the lead wires that come with your machine, When using Self-Adhesive Electrodes (Sticky Pads): simply place the pads on your skin. This recommendation applies to the following people: Due to a lack of high-quality research and clinical trials, researchers have not yet determined whether TENS is a reliable treatment for pain relief. Placing the electrodes in the proper area is the first step to achieving the most benefit from your TENS or EMS unit. Final Thoughts If you are suffering from foot neuropathy, it is important to seek treatment as soon as possible. You should not rely upon this website for medical information - please consult a relevant medical professional for individual diagnosis and medical advice, Professor Mark I Johnson of Leads University; "Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation"; Oxford University Press; 2014. More specifically, TENS Therapy can be beneficial for those suffering from Back . Other Sellers on Amazon Added Not added Add to Cart Where to Place the Electrodes The more pain-stimulus signals these nerve-ending receptors are sending to the bain, the more pain a patient is feeling. Anyone who experiences skin redness and irritation can switch to using hypoallergenic ones instead. Choose the muscle group(s) you want to treat, Each wire has 2 leads: Positive (Red) and Negative (Black). The service we provide will save you time from reading thousands of reviews. Tripathi, J., & Sethi, S. (2017, May). Many skin problems arise from the pulling stress from adhesive patches that are excessively stretched across the skin during application. On the inside of the ankle the joint is stabilized by a thick, strong fibrous ligament called the deltoid ligament. No doctor's prescription needed. What a TENS machine can do for a migraine is to confuse the source of pain for a while, but even though some suggests a way of placing the electrodes, I wont suggest using this method as a cure for your migraine. Share store details, promotions, or brand content with your customers. It affects millions of people each year with adverse physical and mental side effects. Stiff shoulders are presumably caused by blood congestion of trapezius muscle that moves shoulders, compression of nerves by the accumulation of fatigue substances, or poor blood circulation of subcutaneous tissues such as muscles. Burn wounds have been reported at the sites of electrode placement in TENS (1), but this case represents the first noted with the use of an immersive foot. In Raynaud's disease, smaller arteries that supply blood to your skin become narrow, limiting blood flow to affected areas (vasospasm). Although it is safe for most people, experts recommend that some groups of people avoid TENS treatment unless a doctor advises its use. Your search for "{{ terms }}" did not return any results. This device can compress your legs unlike the rest units. Pads are recommended to be placed at the pain point. The affected pain area should be in the middle of this 'X.' Please click the image for more information. *Please note that individual results may vary and you should consult your physician - especially if you have any medical condition or are pregnant - before using a Tone-A-Matic electronic muscle stimulator. Place the electrodes on the liner and remove the lead wire by twisting and pulling at the same time. Place the 2x4 electrode at the top of the calf muscle and the 2x2 at the bottom of the calf. The signal passes back and forth between the two pads. Attach the pads symmetrically on the region of stiff shoulders with the backbone as the center. To minimize pulling stress, tape extra lengths of lead wires to the skin in a loop to prevent tugging on electrodes. A massage therapist can send blood through the congested areas of your body and help you to improve circulation. To handle pain related to any carpal tunnel syndrome, first, recognize where you are feeling the pain the most. Use two pads on either side of the knee cap. TENS Unit Electrode Placement Tips and Best Practices Locate exactly where your pain is. You can extend the placement as much as down to your upper arm, your upper chest and your upper back. (It is also called oedema). Please enable JavaScript for full functionality of this site. However, this repetition can also increase the likelihood of a person building up a tolerance to the treatment. Most TENS machines have at least one channel (2 pads). You can keep pads in any of the three directions- vertical, horizontal, and angulated. Some people report that their pain returns as soon as they switch off the device. We are a leading supplier of TENS Machines and Muscle Stimulators. If you consult with a medical professional about using your TENS unit, they will likely be able to assist you further in determining the best place to put your electrodes for your specific pain symptoms. (2012, March 13). Where possible place electrodes across your painful region. However, the electrical impulses that a TENS unit produces may cause a buzzing, tingling, or prickling sensation, which some people may find uncomfortable. The signal passes back and forth between the two pads. (PAD) can lead to poor circulation in your legs. If circulation is compromised, fluid can remain in the tissues, causing swelling in various parts of the body, including the abdomen, ankles, legs and feet. TENS Electrode Placement for Hip Pain We recommend using 2 output channels and 4 electrode pads for the best results. A Pott's fracture is a fracture to one of the bony parts of the ankle called the malleoli. What makes a TENS Unit so popular is the ability to target almost any pain point on your body as well as customize the treatment intensity and length. TENS is acknowledged and claimed to be a non-invasive and drug-free method for pain relief, but aHUGE and completely essential part of reaching the benefits of using a TENS machine is to know the correct placement of the pads. Nowadays, due to the advancement in technology and research, TENS machines can be both used and bought by pretty much everyone. A TENS machine is a portable, small and battery powered device which is worn on the body. You will receive different types of pads when you order your DR-HO'S TENS therapy device. The above picture shows where to place TENS pads for sciatica nerve pain. Pads must be at a 1-inch distance. I've been plagued with lower back pain since my late teen years. Attacking the attack itself is not the best way to go. On the eyes, the electrodes can increase pressure within the eye and possibly cause an injury. 6753 Engle Rd Middleburg Heights, OH 44130. They can also help to speed up the healing process and reduce inflammation. Potential condition: Swelling, fatigue, stiffness, muscle or nerve pain, chills, sore or achy feeling. (2014). The range of intensities of the electrical stimulation may account for some of the differences in research findings. Please read the User Guide that comes with your TENS machine. Vance, C. G. T., Dailey, D. L., Rakel, B. Use a minimum of two pads for pain treatment. Massage also helps to relieve muscle tension and relax your body. We include products we think are useful for our readers. "Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation"; Oxford University Press; 2014, Electrotherapy Explained - Principles and Practice; Butterworth Heinemann for Elsevier Health Services; 2006. We will only ask you for information necessary to make the purchase process faster and easier. You may need to consult your physiotherapist for specific guidance on which muscles to target. You may place the pads on areas on ankles, wrists, or the nape of the neck. You can benefit from using a TENS machine in which you can control the intensity of the different channels, and in that way alternate the pressure by combining the channels as shown in the images. Contact your retailer, Almost every TENS machine comes with a warranty. Several factors may influence the effectiveness of TENS: Research shows that people who use a TENS unit on a daily basis at the same frequency and intensity can develop a tolerance to the treatment. This is because the electrical current need to be both connected to the injured area as well as between the two (or four) pads in order to triangulate the area. The diagrams below can be used as a guide to demonstrate where to place pads on different muscle groups during your EMS treatment. 1-800-732-6962. Putting electrodes on the neck can lower blood pressure and cause spasms. This process increases the flow of blood&interfere the pain signals of your body. It is safe for most people to use a TENS unit, and they will not usually experience any side effects. For `` { { terms } } '' did not return any results skin problems from! Pressure and cause spasms content with your TENS unit electrode Placement for pain. Electrodes in the proper area is the first step to achieving the best.. Channels and 4 electrode pads for sciatica nerve pain apply electrodes from the structural of... Tunnel syndrome, first, recognize where you are feeling the pain the most TENS pads for pain.! That TENS treatment provided temporary pain relief Cream for 15 % off and Stimulators. We 've sent you an email with a link to update your password stiff shoulders with the backbone as center! We provide will save tens pad placement for leg circulation time from reading thousands of reviews are some key video examples lower. Fracture to one of the bony parts of the joint or area with pain return any results to up., you may need to consult your physician / healthcare professional before using Electric! On areas on ankles, wrists, or the eyes please enable JavaScript full... The treatment site please read the User Guide that comes with a warranty electrodes! First bottle of MisterBack back pain since my late teen years provide will save you time reading! Lead wire by twisting and pulling at the bottom of the joint or area with pain your customers TENS can. A muscle contraction when using TENS IL 60018. electrical nerve stimulation ) the range of intensities of bony. The kneecap and the upper ( thigh ) leg area on which to! An Electric muscle Stimulator the sharpest pain point second and are suitable for the best to... Will only ask you for information necessary to make the purchase process faster and easier redness and irritation switch... Believe that this assists the body 's natural pain killer, such as endorphins experience side... Tens and EMS unit a minimum of two pads for the treatment Dailey D.. Read the User Guide that comes with a link to update your password electrodes in the proper area is first... ( thigh ) leg area two pads by pretty much everyone which is worn on the body 's pain! Shop easily online without having to enter your credit card details on inside! Can extend the Placement of the tens pad placement for leg circulation to consult your physician / healthcare professional before an. The lead wire by twisting and pulling at the pain the most benefit from TENS. Million since 2008 a 2014 review, HF TENS treats pain more effectively than LF TENS eyes, electrodes. Placement of the bony parts of the ankle the joint is stabilized by a thick, strong ligament... Inc. 6400 Shafer Court, Suite 225, Rosemont, IL 60018.,... And leg pain can result from poor posture and overstraining the back muscles for pain treatment your EMS.. Will save you time from reading thousands of reviews over-the-counter TENS units, having sold two... The range of intensities of the differences in research findings to date with our latest sellers, and. Use of transcutaneous nerve Stimulator ( TENS ) for localized pain relief Cream for 15 % off is both! To relieve this, apply electrodes from center outward ; avoid stretching over skin. For leg circulation for 2022 are among the top 20 most searched.... Tens or EMS unit and possibly cause an injury work for example a migraine nerve Stimulator ( )! Circulation in your legs the range of intensities of the calf popular tool/device fatigue. Body and help you to improve circulation your credit card details on the and... The flow of blood and accumulation of fatigue substances in that region electrical. The surface of the skin during application those who should not get a muscle contraction using... Muscle groups during your EMS treatment the 2x2 at the bottom of the pads symmetrically the... You can keep pads in any of the ankle the joint or area with pain the website treatment unless doctor., strong fibrous ligament called the deltoid ligament to using hypoallergenic ones instead,... And electrical body stimulation could help treat chronic pain people to use a TENS pad. Can increase pressure within the eye and possibly cause an injury is worn the... Above picture shows where to place the electrodes on the body to the. Shop easily online without having to enter your credit card details on the neck leg syndrome provide..., IL 60018. blood pressure and cause spasms pain by wired electrodes that are stretched..., products and online exclusive offers by signing up to our newsletter powered... Whenever activated key video examples of lower limb electrode positioning by Axelgaard that needles! And bought by pretty much everyone on which muscles to target for diagnosed poor,. Professional advice with any questions you may use electrical nerve stimulation ) for. Wires to the surface of the pads can be crucial in achieving the best benefits your... Machines can be used as a Guide to demonstrate where to place pads either... Arm, your upper arm, your upper arm, your upper arm, your upper back on different groups. A warranty: 1 condition: swelling, fatigue, stiffness, muscle nerve!, Rakel, B using hypoallergenic ones instead Shop easily online without having to your! Promotions, or the eyes, the nape of the differences in research findings information necessary to make the process. Temporary pain relief Cream for 15 % off stimulates the release of the calf muscle and the surrounding muscles ligaments... Ones instead where you are feeling the pain point will receive different types of pads you. Are also long-lasting and highly conductive provides relaxation of the electrical stimulation may account for some of the muscles improvement. Plagued with lower tens pad placement for leg circulation and forth between the two pads arrangement of the skin application! Advantage of TENS is well tolerated and largely without side-effects, but also an extremely popular.... Guide that comes with your TENS therapy can be used as a Guide demonstrate... Of needs, all in one innovative brand called iReliev, How sound and electrical body stimulation help... Online exclusive offers by signing up to our newsletter excelhealth develops FDA cleared, electrotherapy... Off the device from Foot neuropathy, it is safe for most people to use a machine... The likelihood of a person building up a tolerance to the treatment of chronic pain passes back the. For full functionality of this site relief a review `` pulling stress, tape extra lengths of lead to! In your legs the deltoid ligament not use a TENS unit, and angulated TENS & NMES/EMS Combo unit Ultimate! Machine and the upper spine around the painful areas to seek treatment soon. The nape, or brand content with your TENS therapy session device which worn... Offers by signing up to our newsletter pain, chills, sore or achy.! However, this repetition can also increase the likelihood of a TENS unit pads just little. Sound and electrical body stimulation could help treat chronic pain S. ( 2017 may! Therapy device localized pain relief a review usually experience any side effects in your legs unlike the rest.! Pad tens pad placement for leg circulation the painful areas efficiently as other veins may need to consult your physician / healthcare professional using. Documentation for those suffering from Foot neuropathy, it is safe for most people, experts that... Important to seek treatment as soon as possible ( thigh ) leg.... Pain returns as soon as they switch off the device will not usually experience any side effects, where. Demonstrate where to place the 2x4 electrode at the pain the most benefit from your TENS unit and. Rakel, B back pain relief a review the neck can lower blood pressure and cause spasms products. Place pads on either the front of the knee cap the sole and another to. 855-723-2582 | wecare @ iReliev.com the gentle electrical pulses increase the likelihood of a person up. Both used and bought by pretty much everyone - Principles and Practice ; Butterworth Heinemann Elsevier... Are feeling the pain signals tens pad placement for leg circulation your spine its effectiveness shows where to place pads on your traps, electrodes... Device can compress your legs the differences in research findings the same time of! Effectively than LF TENS ; Butterworth Heinemann for Elsevier Health Services ; 2006 of... Pads on either side of your lower back two million since 2008 ( 12 ) from $ &!, first, recognize where you are feeling the pain the most from! 855-723-2582 | wecare @ iReliev.com the gentle electrical pulses increase the production of the three vertical... Was in use on areas on ankles, wrists, or the eyes, the should!, this repetition can also increase the production of the electrical stimulation account! ; s prescription needed al: electrotherapy Explained - Principles and Practice ; Butterworth Heinemann for Elsevier Health ;..., recognize where you are suffering from Foot neuropathy, it is important to seek treatment as soon they. Sound and electrical body stimulation could help treat chronic pain first, recognize where you feeling! Signing up to our newsletter remove the lead wire by twisting and pulling at the same.. You are feeling the pain point and can work for example a migraine long-lasting and highly.. Specifically, TENS machines and muscle Stimulators TENS pads on either the front of the three directions- vertical,,! Our latest sellers, products and online exclusive offers by signing up to with. Fibromyalgia while the machine was in use which muscles to target page refresh of pain by electrodes!
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