The research outcome can, therefore, be used by the Ministry of Agriculture, agrochemical companies, and other agencies to raise awareness of the need for safe handling and use of agrochemical by farmers through the identification of the drivers that influences farmers level of awareness of health implications of agrochemical use. Leads to water pollution. In Ghana agriculture and public health sectors remain the major contributors of pollutants into the environment. Most agricultural practices involving the use of fertilizers and pesticides often entail misuse or excessive application, thereby contributing to the killing of soil's . 86, no. 0000003560 00000 n
The disease, which causes damage to the intestines and bladder, is widespread in South America, Africa, and the Far East, and is on the rise as a result of the development of dams and irrigation systems that increase snail breeding sites. 0
This explanatory variable is found to be significant at 10%. Additionally, the Chinese from about 3200 years ago used mercury and arsenic compounds to control the body lice.[4]. The full implementation of the provisions of the act is done by EPA with the help of Ghana Ports and Harbors authority (GPHA), Customs Exercise and Preventive Service (CEPS), Ghana Standards Board (GSB), Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MoFA), and Factory Inspectorate Department of Ministry of Employment and Social Welfare. E. Lichtenberg and D. Zilberman, The econometrics of damage control: why specification matters, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, vol. Home Never transport pesticides in a closed passenger vehicle or in a . Purposive sampling technique was used to select Brong-Ahafo region due to its environmental advantage and relatively high density in maize production. Plant Growth Regulators are a type of chemical. 17, 2016. Seventeen active ingredients: Paraquat dichloride, Glyphosate, Permethrin + pyriproxyfen, Dimethylamine salt, Cypermethrin, Chlorpyrifos . This will explain what action the Illinois Department of Agriculture takes when misuse occurs and to help producers use pesticides responsibly. Misuse or excess use of fertilizers. dC'/TH$k-N[-GC K"f% )M^;^9H5eH$IkNKOsuV-# cb>c\_Z_~s--f0#,C]{|8 j|,bmfsSENT"DX Antibiotic resistance is one of the world's most urgent health problems. . $83.00 1 New from $83.00. Fertilizer use, misuse and overuse In the last 50 years, the global fertilizer use has increased by 500 percent (and over 800 percent for nitrogen alone!). The database includes information on gazetted (registered) agro-chemicals, dealers, premises for selling, storage and their usage in the catchment. Presently the indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has been a dangerous issue to agricultural production, soil and health. agrochemical: [noun] an agricultural chemical (such as an herbicide or an insecticide). Ejura-Sekyedumase District Assembly, District Information, http://ejurasekyedumase.ghanadistricts.gov.gh/. 575582, 2003. In 1966, Illinois became one of the first states to regulate pesticides. D. Awunyo-Vitor, J. Bakan, and S. Coffie, Estimation of farm level technical efficiency of small-scale Cowpea production in Ghana, American-Eurasian Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Science, vol. The Act (528) gave EPA the sole mandate to register all pesticides imported, exported, manufactured, distributed, advertised, sold, and used. This means that if a farmer moves from low to moderate levels of awareness of health implications of agrochemical use, his or her maize output will increase by 309kg (3.09 bags) per acre. ? M. M. Mattah, P. A. D. Mattah, and G. Futagbi, Pesticide application among farmers in the catchment of ashaiman irrigation scheme of Ghana: health implications, Journal of Environmental and Public Health, vol. Awareness of health implications of agrochemical use significantly increases maize output. e.g. Alters the chemical properties of water. Required fields are marked *. An ordered probit model or ordered logit model allows for multiple ordered values for the dependent variable [19]. The socioeconomic variables included in the Cobb-Douglas production function are labor, farmers awareness levels of health implications of agrochemicals use, age, marital status, household size, years of education, extension contacts, credit, farm size, and quantity of pesticides. Intervention to increase farmers awareness of health implication of agrochemicals use in the study area should consider interactive radio programs in local languages. Table 5 shows the maximum likelihood estimate of the ordered logistic regressions model. The problem is compounded by the fact that farmers usually wash knapsack sprayers and their clothes in water bodies after spraying. The socioeconomic factors that were included in the model are sex, household size, education, farmer group membership, the number of children in school, ownership of TV/radio, experience in maize farming, income, farm size, and extension visits. The reason could be that marriage partners work on the farm as a source of labor which reduces the cost of hired labor thereby providing adequate financial resources for the purchase of other productive inputs. Rice blast, for example, is a major threat to rice production stability. HlTKs0WQ*`tLCsizPd+)p/kw{09Rh
U]qC 7r2 Interviews conducted with 75 households in 5 indigenous communities showed that over 60% of participants grew plantain with agrochemicals. 2004). Fungicides are toxic compounds or insecticides that kill or prevent fungus and their spores from growing. This safety precaution adherence is likely to increase the farm output level per unit area. Agrochemicals can assist enhance yields from dwindling agricultural farmlands, which will help meet the ever-increasing demand for food. 2431, 2013. The most common agrochemicals include pesticides and fertilizers. Follow all requirements on pesticide product labels. They affect the underlying infection and have a systemic effect. Thus, the study area is dominated by farmers with a relatively low level of education. Significant penalties can result from misuse, including improper storage resulting in spillage. a) Agrochemicals may alter the pH of the soil. Sulphur fungicides produce enough vapour to hinder fungal spore formation at a distance from the deposition site. Therefore, the expected utility of a farmer who is more aware of safety use of agrochemicals is higher than the expected utility of a farmer whose awareness level is low. Effect on Water. In many countries, use of agrichemicals is highly regulated. Extension visit exposes farmers to improve production technologies and proper utilization of farm inputs. [7], inappropriate use of pesticides to control pests and diseases has major health implications for smallholder farmers and this is now on the global scale attracting global attention of researchers, policy-makers, and the general public (consumers). 115 0 obj<>
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G. Owusu-Boateng and K. K. Amuzu, A survey of some critical issues in vegetable crops farming along river oyansia in opeibea and dzorwulu, Accra-Ghana, Global Advanced Research Journal of Physical and Applied Sciences, vol. Agrochemical use has been increasing in both developing and the developed nations. Table 6 shows the results of the multiple linear regression model. Complaints must be received by the IDOA within 30 days of the incident or within 30 days of when the damage was first noticed. The field investigator then submits a report to the Department for review. On farms, proper storage facilities and labeling, emergency clean-up equipment and procedures, and safety equipment and . 6264, 2003. agrochemical, Any chemical used in agriculture, including chemical fertilizers, herbicides, and insecticides. The study assessed farmers knowledge in the use of Agrochemicals given their environmental effects such as on water bodies, occupational hazard and safety, disposal, and storage regarding product use. Formal Pesticide Misuse Complaints Received & Investigated. The presence of agro-chemicals in the environment and food products is concerning, but the type of pesticide contamination is even more worrying. Most are mixtures of two or more chemicals; active ingredients provide the desired effects, and inert ingredients stabilize or preserve the active ingredients or aid in application. . This variable was significant at 1% and positively related to the level of awareness. Based on a statistics by statistica, In 2019, the agrochemical market worldwide was worth approximately $234.2billion. The Adjusted R-squared of 0.72 indicates that the explanatory variables explain 72% of the variations in the output of maize. The proportion of herbicides in the overall pesticide load is especially high in arable crops. However, the indiscriminate use, rather the misuse of this sort of chemical inputs, has led to many problems in our ecosystem. 35.6%, 51.4%, and 13% of the respondents had low, moderate, and high levels of awareness, respectively, of health implications of agrochemical use. S. Gaber and S. Abdel-Latif, Effect of education and health locus of control on safe use of pesticides: a cross sectional random study, Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, vol. Using various pesticide products at the same time might improve or decrease their effectiveness. For example, 70% of herbicide used during the 1980s in Japan was applied to rice (Ishibashi et al. The Good. According to Lichtenberg and Zilberman [17], the use of pesticides is considered protective inputs but not productive inputs. In terms of the dependent variable, agrochemical use, the response group is very similar to Italian olive farmers in general; their use of agrochemicals and changes over the last 15 years are very comparable (see Section 4). 10801087, 2013. 13, no. NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy, Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, Gordana Kranjac-Berisavljevic, Harold Brookfield. Examples include Zineb and Sulphur. This is clear from the fact that most rural farm households derive their livelihood from this sector. The study, therefore, seeks to assess the factors that influence the farmers awareness of health implications of agrochemical use as well as the effect of the awareness on maize output. This could be as a result of high illiteracy rate among farmers who need to be educated on the use of synthetic inputs and good agronomic practices to improve yield. Out of 154 respondents, 13% of the responded indicated that they wash the spraying machine in water bodies like rivers and streams. Augmented Cobb-Douglas production function was also used to quantify how awareness of health implications of agrochemical use affects maize output. 0000004071 00000 n
The value of F-test is 0.00 implying that the model is statistically significant at 1% and hence the coefficients of the independent variables are not jointly equal to zero. W. H. Greene, Econometric Analysis, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, NJ, USA, 7th edition, 2008. Therapeutant Fungicide: A chemotherapeutant is a fungicide capable of eliminating a fungus after it has caused infection and treating the plant. Excessive fertilizer . Education years were hypothesized to be positively related to maize output. [26] findings in cowpea production. 2, 2014. Pesticides Use in Ghana. Fungi is a significant problem that has a negative impact on crops. Although most herbicides are safe for animals and humans, they have no effect on the plants they target or the insects that rely on them. For instance, bovine somatotropin, though widely used in the United States, is not approved in Canada and some other jurisdictions as there are concerns for the health of cows using it. Other precautions include leaving a buffer strip, increasing droplet size, lowering spray pressure and using a drift control additive. Since their introduction in Africa by colonial masters, the use of these chemicals is constantly growing. Pesticide accidents or fires can result in water, soil, and air contamination; damage to plants . 0000006308 00000 n
Many pesticide accidents can be traced to applicator carelessness or misuse. They not only harm the entire batch right away, but they also have a long-term impact on the field. The study aims to identify risks of agrochemicals that impact farmworkers, consumers, and ecology in Vietnamese mango cultivation to enhance safety and friendly production. If you believe your property has been damaged by pesticide misuse, call the IDOA's Bureau of Environmental Programs at 1-800-641-3934 (voice and TDD) or 217-785-2427 for acomplaint form. 68, no. However, the abuse of such agrochemicals contaminates soils and groundwater, negatively impacting the environment and human health (Elahi et al., 2019;Mahmood et al., 2016). Background. Significant penalties can result from misuse, including improper storage resulting in chemical leaks, chemical leaching, and chemical spills. 0000009429 00000 n
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