6. The most common antibiotic to treat anaplasmosis is doxycycline. There is no vaccination to prevent anaplasmosis. J Clin Microbiol 1996;34(1):44-48. . This includes the use of antibiotics, pain relievers, and anti-inflammatories. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003;47(1):413-415. Larger dogs need larger medication doses. Prevention of Anaplasmosis in Dogs. Dogs are often markedly better 24 to 48 hours after therapy is begun, and the prognosis for clinical recovery is excellent. The A. phagocytophilum test spot on the in-house SNAP 4Dx assay uses a synthetic peptide based on the immunodominant p44 protein of A. phagocytophilum as the antigen. It is best to diagnose the disease on time and adopt a holistic treatment plan. In performance trials, the sensitivity and specificity of the SNAP 4Dx test for antibody to A. phagocytophilum was 99.4% and 100%, respectively.14 Dogs infected with Ehrlichia species, including E. ewingii, will not likely cross-react with the A. phagocytophilum test on the SNAP 4Dx. Many dogs that test positive for anaplasmosis never become ill or require treatment. Dogs are often markedly better 24 to 48 hours after therapy is started, and the prognosis for clinical recovery is excellent. It is clear that coinfection with two or more tick-borne agents is common and that dogs coinfected with B. burgdorferi and A. phagocytophilum are nearly two times more likely to develop clinical disease than are dogs infected with either agent alone.9 There is also some concern that chronically infected carriers could be adversely affected by therapeutic agents that compromise the immune system or by a concurrent illness that might alter an animal's immune status. At a minimum, positive dogs should have an aggressive tick control program implemented to minimize exposure to ticks. However, the. Subsequently, organisms will reappear at one- to two-week intervals, and the process repeats, resulting in a cyclic thrombocytopenia. Companion Animal Hospital in Ithaca, NY for cats, dogs, exotics, and wildlife, Equine and Nemo Farm Animal Hospitals in Ithaca, NY for horses and farm animals, Cornell Ruffian Equine Specialists, on Long Island for every horse, Ambulatory and Production Medicine for service on farms within 30 miles of Ithaca, NY, Animal Health Diagnostic Center New York State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine Ithaca, New York 14853-6401. Exposure toAnaplasmacan be detected in your veterinary clinic using a special test kit. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in the upper Midwest United States. Most dogs will show a noticeable improvement within 24- Hoskins JD, Breitschwerdt EB, Gaunt SD, et al. Presumptive treatment with doxycycline is recommended in patients of all ages, including children <8 years. Anaplasmosis Treatment in Dogs A course of antibiotics such as minocycline, chloramphenicol, doxycycline, or tetracycline is typically used to treat Anaplasmosis in dogs. As the symptoms resemble other diseases, it can be difficult to rule out the conditions by yourself. Infection withA. platyscan causecyclic thrombocytopenia, a condition in which there is a periodic decrease in platelets (circulating cells that help the blood clotting process). These findings are most often identified during the acute phase of the disease. Detection of granulocytic Ehrlichia species DNA by PCR in persistently infected dogs. From a dietary perspective, fresh raw whole foods are best. It is unknown if some dogs become persistent carriers without showing clinical signs of disease; some dogs may continue to test positive for anaplasmosis even after treatment and appearing clinically healthy. Rarely, neurological signs such as seizures have been reported. JAMA 1994;272(3):212-218. However, it appears that many dogs that have antibodies to A. phagocytophilum display no evidence of clinical disease. Many animals will come into contact with a tickborne illness, like anaplasmosis, during their lifetime, but they will never display clinical symptoms because their immune system is functioning properly. Treatment for Anaplasmosis. The optimal dose and length of therapy have not been firmly established, but an oral dosage of 5 to 10 mg/kg given twice a day for 30 days has been recommended.12,16 In most cases, clinical signs resolve rapidly. Many dogs we have worked with have responded wonderfully to our Antimicrobial formula. Many infected dogs are treated for two to four weeks (the longer course more often if How Is Anaplasmosis Treated? Serologic cross-reactions among Ehrlichia equi, Ehrlichia phagocytophila, and human granulocytic Ehrlichia. An intracytoplasmic Dhle body is seen in the neutrophil in the upper left corner (Wright's-Giemsa; 100X). J Vet Intern Med 1988;2(2):55-59. When the blood test shows the antibodies for the disease, it indicates that the pets immune system is responding to the infection. Typical symptoms of Anaplasmosis in dogs, cats and other animals can be difficult to diagnose, because animals cant describe their symptoms and signs can be unclear. However, a seropositive reaction to A. phagocytophilum in a clinically healthy dog should not be disregarded. By 2. Your veterinarian may recommend follow-up testing to confirm a diagnosis and blood work to help determine if your dog has an active infection that requires treatment. It is unknown whether a chronic carrier state can later result in chronic disease. The organism has a worldwide geographic distribution and is endemic in the upper Midwest, East, and Northeast regions of the United States as well as the western coastal regions. In: Greene CE, ed. However, direct transmission from animals to people or animal to animal is highly unlikely and has not been documented. Finally, A. phagocytophilum is a zoonotic pathogen. Brazilian J Vet Sci 2000;7:130. It is transmitted through bites of the deer tick (also known as the black-legged tick) and the Western black-legged tick. While anaplasmosis doesnt get the same attention as other tick-borne diseases such as Lyme and ehrlichiosis, it remains a significant disease of dogs and is being diagnosed with increased frequency across the United States. When To Euthanize A Horse With Cushings Disease? Antibiotic treatment is reserved for clinically ill dogs that have tested positive for the anaplasma bacterium. In addition to causing clinical disease, A. phagocytophilum may persistently infect dogs, causing a subclinical carrier state associated with positive serologic test results in a healthy dog. Doxycycline is the treatment of choice for anaplasmosis, and all other tickborne rickettsial diseases. There are several herb-based antimicrobial products available for pets that seem to work for anaplasmosis. Does My Pet Require Treatment for Anaplasmosis? This blend of herbs helps to support the immune system by providing antimicrobial properties and boosting white blood cell production. Dogs that become ill from anaplasmosis and receive treatment have a good prognosis. This means it has the potential to infect humans. The administration of immunosuppressive doses of corticosteroids to infected, asymptomatic dogs resulted in the reappearance of bacteremia, although the animals remained clinically normal.6,7,15. Looking for a convenient way to access your pets health records, refill prescriptions, view upcoming appointments and more? This does not mean the animal has an active infection, just that antibodies are still present in the blood from exposure to the bacterial organism. Find a skilled professional herbalist who can help you with the best herbal protocols and dosing for your dog. Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection can be diagnosed serologically at most commercial laboratories with indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) testing as well as with the in-house ELISA, SNAP 4Dx (IDEXX Laboratories). 12. Lyme disease and anaplasmosis are commonly found in the same geographic location and are transmitted by the same tick species. There are several types of tests for anaplasmosis that include: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In the United States, Ixodes scapularis is the primary vector in the upper Midwest and the Northeast, and Ixodes pacificus is the primary vector in the West. CAPC also predicts many positive anaplasma cases in some regions of Virginia, West Virginia, and Texas. An examination of the blood is the first step to evaluate the blood cells and platelets. Doxycycline is the treatment of choice for anaplasmosis, and all other tickborne rickettsial diseases. There are several herb-based antimicrobial products available for pets that seem to work for anaplasmosis. Also, make sure you give your pet a thorough bath in a tub of water to wash away ticks from its body. Additionally, it is important to check both of your bodies for ticks after being in areas with a high prevalence, such as in tall grass, forest litter and brushing against other vegetation. St. Louis, Mo: Saunders, 2006;219-224. The most common clinical signs of anaplasmosis include: Other signs could include lameness, vomiting and diarrhea, or in rare circumstances, bleeding from the nose, neck pain and seizures. Dogs are often markedly improved 24 to 48 hours after therapy is instituted, and the prognosis for clinical recovery is excellent.12 However, persistent infection and subclinical carrier states have been demonstrated in experimentally inoculated dogs treated with doxycycline for 14 days and 28 days at the recommended dose.7,15. Editors' note: IDEXX Laboratories has sponsored presentations by both Dr. Alleman and Dr. Wamsley at various continuing education symposia. Many dogs we have worked with have responded wonderfully to our Antimicrobial formula. These otherwise healthy animals may have a low-level, persistent infection with the anaplasmosis organism and be labeled "chronically infected carriers" but never become ill. Treatment. A mild to moderate nonregenerative anemia is occasionally seen. Please keep in mind that an animal may test positive for anaplasmosis for their lifetime. Re-infection can occur if they are re-exposed to ticks carrying the disease. 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