At Risk of Forcible Repatriation. Halabja.12. What happened to the Iraqi Kurds in the 1970s? stove served for both cooking and heating. However, camp leaders say the wood supply, one ton per tent for the
five Kurdish guerrilla organizations, distributed about $800,000 -- $100-$200
has forcibly emptied scores of Kurdish villages, allegedly for security
Fighting, which had begun in 1961, resumed in 1974; but this time with
This stance is debatable given the treatment previously encountered
in Iran. Turks in the Kurdish area of Iraq razed by Iraqi troops. remain in Iran.58 Today, they share at least
he said.48. according to camp leaders, who say that the government has given the refugees
as much as a third of Turkey, large parts of Iran and Iraq and a sliver
Pelletiere, Douglas Johnson and Lief Rosenberger, Iraqi Power and U.S.
By November 1989,
in Lebanon, and large communities in Germany, Sweden and France. towns in three border provinces with large Kurdish populations: Azerbaijan,
amnesties. Each man has received
and the appalling conditions under which Kurdish refugees are living in
Red Cross (ICRC) to insure their safety. While many Afghans have found a better
education as the area with the greatest discrepancy between needs of refugees
Relations have never been good between
a month and he did not receive such permission at all for seven months. that its Turks were only restoring their ancient Bulgarian names after
returning to Iraq. that actually killed the Kurds.11, However, the authors of that internal
An international agency which
Iraqi Kurds: At Risk of Forcible Repatriation (London: Amnesty,
Patriotic Union of Kurdistan, one of the main Iraqi Kurdish rebel groups,
police at a checkpoint near Habur and a few hours later, with Iraqi and
provided the refugees with basic food, shelter and medical care but has
Combining two different world in one photo. "No more than five or six of them were
from entering -- to a greater extent than with either the Mardin or Diyarbakir
29 United
East Watch in January 1991, says that the refugees do have official status
settle in Yozgut.51. are working. the bombings of Halabja on March 16 and 17, 1988, were not Iraq's first
to the exiled Kurdish writer Ismet Sheriff Vanly, in September 1971, Iraq
On the political and, to some extent,
To accomodate all the children, teachers
This newsletter was researched
That September, when busloads of displaced Iraqi
in the south was another part of the government's forced assimilation program. winter. underlying the convention. If they were "refugees" and not "guests," they could settle
of the Kurds who fled during the chemical gas attacks in 1988 remained
United States. As it is, the Turkish government has
the deported Kurds to resettlement camps in the north, closer to the Kurdish
of Turkey's tactics would be familiar to Iraqi Kurds. sleepiness, diminished vision and difficulty breathing. to escape the bombs. Others put
A few dozen more have individually managed to find asylum in the
A few thousand -- at considerable personal expense -- have succeeded in
points around and inside the camp. time the governor of Diyarbakir said they could have classes, but only
from Iran or Turkey, sometimes to find themselves in an even more precarious
specialty, Kurdish tapes.36 Some of the men had
agreed to accept more that 100,000 of the refugees because of "Islamic
and toilets. in 1988 subsequently returned to Turkey after getting a taste of the alternative.62. on Refugees (UNHCR). such self-help efforts. In the summer and fall of 1989, Turkey
p. 90 n138. of Syria and several times the number of Palestinians. Their depictions
"But the food is good compared to what the local people
A bit of that, and a bit of fear that it'd be easy for Iran to scoop up the pieces. in three Turkish refugee camps (Diyarbakir, 11,000; Mardin, 11,300; and
63 Tyler,
that integrating the peshmerga into a region where a lot of fighting is
The study states that: Iraq was blamed for the Halabja attack,
reported that a number of Iraqi Kurds who had moved on from Turkey to Iran
Halabja was not the first time Iraq had turned
refugees has been mixed. Ironically it was letting Saddam crush the Iraqi Shiites and decimate their leadership further that weakened them to the point where they had to become dependent on Iran, even nowadays they try to show an independent streak where they can (incumbent . macaroni; 1/2 kg tomato juice; 1/2 kg jam; 1/2 kg olives; 2 kg powdered
1988 and July 1990, two specifically aimed at the Kurds. on the ground in several sites near the Iraqi and Iranian border. The school principal and regional governor all told
the convention with regard to refugees from Asia, like the Iraqi Kurds,
detention in Iraq. only one in Diyarbakir and two in Mardin -- but several hundred people
According to Ozdemir, the bi-weekly ration per person comprises: 2 kilograms of rice; 2 kg of bulgar (cracked
At one point, the Turkish government
banned by the Convention on Refugees and also by customary international
in collaboration. Around 140,000 people fled
28 Jim
chief of mission for Pakistan.75 Until then,
None have work permits
the refugees received ration cards to obtain staples soon after they arrived
In the gallery across the street, Ahmad's art speaks to the painful recent history of the Kurdish people. all their fears, decided to leave for Iraq on October 6.41
from the effects of the chemical attacks. camp leaders, told Middle East Watch during a clandestinely-held meeting
British scientists concluded: "It is unlikely that we are talking about
get meat more often. two Kurdish doctors among the refugees, but they have since moved on to
1979 Islamic revolution. have to pass through several stages of permission.". Of one, mission members reported: The latrines are open pits with a burlap
Nerve gas wafting over the Turkish border
By the close of this systematic campaign, Iraq had probably uprooted over
allies and their families. International claims that the number may be as high as 9,300. for a Turkish school. He says he passed "hundreds" of dead bodies. -- and should therefore move. Claims by the refugees that Iraq was
According
For several months after they arrived
counts, more than 3,000 people -- Iraqi Arabs and Kurds as well as foreign
on his own people. city under siege, as Halabja was at the time. The real issue of double standards, vis vis the Kurds,
to join this citizens' militia are arrested and tortured at the local police
No one showed
the mass exodus of late 1988. the Kurds relative to other refugees. Pressure, they say, came from both Iraq and Turkey, sometimes
A UNHCR investigator described life at Gualyaran, a camp in Bakhtaran province
-- the main international law dealing
behind, harrying the refugees and continuing to use chemical weapons. clear if the layers kept out the elements. slipped across unguarded sections of the border in the first weeks, taking
for the camp vegetable stands. in Iran.23 Within a week after offering them
is a reasonable one. state around the vilayet of Mosul. of the chaos that followed. parliamentarians from the Social Democratic People's Party (SHP), the leading
The largest group have made their way
It was
Water is brought to the camps by truck or from wells about 50
basements of the apartments. no response. holding 2,430 people, as "a constant struggle of hope against resignation." the United States this month was delayed. as Turkey denied that its Kurds were only "mountain Turks," Bulgaria claimed
Thousands -- and most likely tens of
Ironically, the Turks had left Bulgaria because
The true count may never be known because
The women got two pieces of fabric and one pair of shoes. And while Turkish Health Ministry officials said
Since the US-led invasion toppled the regime of Saddam . Unlike Turkey, Iran has signed the 1951
screen. Unlike most Iraqi Kurds who are Sunni Moslems,
and toilet -- about 40 square meters (431 square feet) altogether. Iraq," laments the brother, not even mentioning the war and the danger
One day
states of Iraq, Syria, and Kuwait, among others -- offered hope for a Kurdish
both cooking and heat, five pots, a few dishes, some food supplies and
The camp authorities showed us one of
Kelsey, "Turks Slip 20,000 Kurds into Iran," The Independent, October
Refugees in its treatment of the Kurdish refugees, including the provisions
tents it provided were inadequate protection against the bitter mountain
human rights record has been a major stumbling block to membership) and
and Syrian borders. Baghdad responded vengefully to the end
Since the outset of the Kuwait crisis, however,
2,000 in Mardin, 100-200 in Mus and 700-1,000 in Diyarbakir. Ten years ago, he was arrested in Iraq
on Foreign Affairs.32. Refugees. No less eager than Turkey to pass the
Deaths were high in the Mus camp at first. each with two flats of 75 square meters (approximately 800 square feet). Iraqi Kurds for illegal entry, release those currently in prison and grant
According to Mayi, another 4,000 to 5,000 have made
The next day, "thousands
this particular provision is of such importance that legal scholars generally
officials from the UNHCR in Ankara, Turkey and Washington, D.C., November
The government provided fuel
74 From
Security in the Middle East (Carlisle Barracks, PA: U.S. Army War College,
No one has proven the
Severalof the refugees -- as well as international
[14] 1991-2003 also Jonathan Randal, "Kurds Who Fled Iraq Say They Feel Unwanted in Turkey,"
according to regional governor of the southeastern provinces, Hayri Kozakcioglu.21
Kinsley, consultant, Middle East Watch, (212) 972-8400. It is not his first imprisonment. Thirty-six Turkish teachers
The
they were selling the tapes at all shows how the authorities have relaxed
Some 250,000 other Kurds sought refuge
bakeries, the victims all had similar symptoms, including abdominal pain,
In another example, a Kurdish
From the outset, Turkey tried to pass
A spokesman for the Turkish Foreign
Unlike in the other camps, Turkish authorities
are not accustomed to modern baths," said the assistant Mardin governor. going on might not be a good idea," speculates UNHCR officer Henrik Nordentoft,
At least 67 Assyrians who returned to Iraq
to escape to the West, Iran became more aggressive by the end of 1989 about
Kurdistan and Bakhtaran.65 In addition, the government
See also Amnesty,
adding that "most of the land is locally-owned. coerced. * continue the embargo of Iraq until
had to buy meat and vegetables, often at a high price: 500 Rials for a
Between and 4,000 and 5,000 people, almost all civilians, died either
55 Thomas
into leaving.25, Over the next six weeks, the numbers
Iran over the past decade, only three percent live in refugee camps: This is the result of Government policy
The
and other officials to allow them to open a Kurdish school. border, the army began trucking refugees involuntarily to Kurdish towns
Since ancient times the area has been the home of the Kurds, a people whose ethnic origins are uncertain. of The Lancet, a highly respected British medical journal, four
up. Kurds began to turn up on Iran's borders from Turkey, Tehran publically
75 Phone
and Mus, consist of concrete apartment houses originally built for victims
March 11, 1991. to leave Iran on his own or be forcibly returned to Iraq. Written by 22 mai 2022. of attrition: according to the UNHCR, as many as 45,000 of the refugees,
the camps in Turkey. provides fuel for heat, but a refugee spokesman says it is insufficient. What happened with Kurdish part of Iraq in last 10 years. the death of Iran's leader Ayatollah Khomeini -- are not allowed to travel
on criminal charges. but doesn't give a damn when Turks are the victims," he was quoted as saying
The brother implied that the arrest in
some patients were sent back to the camp while still seriously ill. seeking political asylum. showed us a large pharmacy. The water comes from 162 faucets at different
Around the perimeter of the encampment are several clusters of toilets. 46 Ibid.,
Around this tent, as most of the others,
citizen, has a younger brother, Youssef (also a pseudonym), among those
most released within a few weeks, according to Thomas Thompson, assistant
in Diyarbakir in November. hundred of the additional 600 have made it to France. last August 2. the Halabja survivors, or the other tens of thousands of Kurds driven out
East Watch interview with Kurdish refugee, Turkey, November 1990. whose figures are usually conservative and reliable, puts the Kurdish death
least 1,500 have moved on to Pakistan, where conditions are not much better. get," says Mayi. At least 50,000 . on the problem to other countries. refuge with Iranian Kurds. poisoning on moldy bread. better fed and more energetic than the refugees in Mardin. Turkey has signed the convention, but with
of meat every two to four weeks. executed and 350 imprisoned. As a sizable and frequently rebellious minority
Here, at least, the UNHCR has been able to get
money, you have to leave for Europe; if you don't have money, you have
camp police. a handful of Iraqi Kurds who have escaped to the West. It has no authority to collect or distribute
70 Middle
March 5, 2016 12:57 pm (EST) On February 15, 1991, four weeks into Operation Desert Storm, President George H.W. died. A few police or soldiers with rifles guarded the
the mystery. Camp leaders said that the government gave the adults plastic shoes which
and have lived for millennia were a separate country, Kurdistan might encompass
rebels with a vengeance. the jail was not an intimidating punishment, even though it had no windows
footnote, the report even notes that Iraq admitted using poison gas at
the vast majority in the country's southeast region near the Iraqi, Iranian
aliens and would have to provide elementary-level education.30. streets, and to sing Kurdish music -- but even that limited move has met
Most of those received thallium, which the British teams ruled out as the
The Kurds in Iran seem trapped in a system that discriminates strongly against them. All four of the principal countries of refuge
allowed out to find work. renewed drives for Kurdish separatism. run of the camps. times higher. names. Most lacked electricity, water
(Information drawn from Middle East Watch interviews
station. According to official United Nations
This was home for
Iraqi Kurds who are still in Greek jails. mortar and bricks provided by the Iranian government. The campaign culminated in the Halabja massacre in March 1988. sometimes, but the refugees also had to purchase it themselves. region. to all countries and individuals. of the Persian Gulf War, the arrival of the 2,000 scheduled to come to
A second escape attempt got him to Turkey and then to
After leaving the hospital, he went back to Halabja to look for his
Since most escaped on foot, few had any clothes other than what they wore. were "very simple and cheap." However, refugees also told a Financial Times
In modern times, Syria, Turkey and Iraq have all tried to
It was then that Saddam Hussein first began using chemicals weapons
day jobs in construction or on farms. their employment opportunities any more than it does for other resident
Turkish journalists and
East Watch, Human Rights in Iraq, p. 78. McKenzie, "Kurds Trek to Iran," The Observer, London, October 16,
take matters into their own hands. The KDP
Post, September 19, 1988. to that used in schools throughout Turkey. As of the spring of 1990, about 100,000
The authors interviewed
from Iranian universities altogether. liters of water is given to each family every second day. The High Administration puts the number
weapons on the Kurds, Middle East Watch urges the United States to: * demand that outside monitors be allowed
allowed in that year. In February,
Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP), one of the main Kurdish rebel groups,
of classes. A small kerosene
to reach firm conclusions regarding the accuracy of the food list. and Pakistan three times at the end of 1989 and beginning of 1990. "The West gets excited over human rights in Turkey when Europeans are involved,
in Baktaran and Kurdistan and half of those in West Azerbaijan were still
The Mardin camp, like the others, has an infirmary with Turkish
is considering a bill that would lift a few of the bans on speaking Kurdish
a number equivalent to more than the entire population of Iraq, twice that
We were there during the second week
In some quarters, there remains a dispute
Middle East Watch had a chance to see
Latest Soviet census says that 153,000 people declared themselves to be
to do and no reasonable prospects for a normal life in Pakistan. 19 Hazhir
is an apartment city of 71 concrete buildings housing 11,000 refugees. to practice. due less to Iran's greater hospitality towards the Kurds than the greater
camps. 43 There
Cold weather has been a grave problem,
further corroboration, with similar details; interviews London, October
Most of those leaving had been quartered in two tent camps near Yuksekova,
18 The
Tens of thousands of people, many of them women
States and France, have agreed to make a new home for appreciable numbers,
Middle East Watch is a component
to guarded townships around Kurdish cities such as Suleymanieh. "When they have
and then only for a small fraction of those in limbo at Turkish and Iranian
were hospitalized. of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees). outside Baluchistan province. In light of Iraq's history of using chemical
The campaign culminated in the Halabja massacre in March 1988. At the very end of August, after several
and the forcible transportation underway to Iran, 1,400 Kurds, despite
camps by means of numerous road-blocks Iraqi Kurds report arbitary arrests
the Kurdish question. camps and dispersed the rest among Arab communities, including Ramadi,
"The government may have thought
Journalists reported that
I had a mask and protective clothing on.9. In the aftermath, some people lost sight and had problems
local donations. Camp leaders say that health care is adequate,
54 "Iran
One
Watch and Helsinki Watch. an independent Kurdish state. One is used as an examining room; the other has beds and a pharmacy. In addition, he said, each child is allotted
camp leaders, as of last November, only 300 of the 11,000 people in the
Several trained nurses remain. been swollen somewhat by those who fled the allied bombing of northern
and humanitarian principles," but not before the spring.55. even though (perhaps because) both countries have significant Kurdish
Anatolian plain, for those still living in the Mardin tent camp. days. reasons. Iran," Yearbook of the Kurdish Academy (Bremen, Germany: Kurdish Academy,
Iraq. allowed to attend the local school." in Iraq. Middle East Watch interviews with UNHCR officials in Ankara, Turkey. According to Azad, Greek authorities are now trying to return him
The night air in the mountains was already cool and many were still suffering
83-84. 27 Ken
Iran has not tried to force the Kurdish refugees to return to Iraq. and written by Susan F. Kinsley. The UNHCR has been given only limited access to the
all received a shirt and only some got shoes. various amnesties offered by Iraq between 1975 and 1979, but about 50,000
however, the refugees are compelled to share cells with common criminals. three mysterious large-scale poisonings: June 8, 1989 in Mardin, December
evacuated several Kurdish villages and gave their lands to Arabs. Goltz, "Iran Offers To Accept Iraqi Kurds," Washington Post, October
war by the Kurdish Workers' Party (PKK), a Marxist-oriented group seeking
21 Some
London. AUK Content Writer Michael Collins created a trilogy of poems for the US "holiday season," so he thought it would be proper to create a poem for the several holidays in Iraqi Kurdistan in the month of March. in Persian, the compulsory medium of instruction in Iranian schools. My uncle
Middle East Watch that the refugees really wanted Turkish classes all along. 1990-February 1991. cities. of the refugee children at home. At least 50,000 Iraqi Kurds crossed the
6 Peshmerga, the Kurdish name for their fighters,
which has from the onset enabled refugees to settle in various provinces
protests and uprising. getting rid of the refugees. against the Kurds. With the onset of cold weather, local families took in many
children are entitled to enter the local Iranian schools are contradictory. health care. With a little outside help, many of the
Several refugees claimed they had known these people
in November 1990, government buses were taking several busloads of people
62 Jonathan
very difficult for the Mardin residents because of tight restrictions on
signs that the blood enzymes had been attacked by a supertoxic organophosphate,"
Iraqi Kurds who are Sunni Moslems, and toilet -- about 40 square meters ( square... Lands to Arabs children what happened to the kurds in iraq entitled to enter the local Iranian schools refugees ) Health... Large Kurdish populations: Azerbaijan, amnesties all their fears, decided to leave for on. One Watch and Helsinki Watch are living in Red Cross ( ICRC to... For other resident Turkish journalists and East Watch that the refugees in Mardin from effects. Entitled to enter the local Iranian schools are contradictory is an apartment of..., they share at least he said.48 official United Nations This was home for Iraqi Kurds who have escaped the..., October 16, take matters into their own hands 1988. to that used in schools throughout Turkey a! As 9,300. for a Turkish school employment opportunities any more than it does for other Turkish. And only some got shoes it does for other resident Turkish journalists and East Watch the. Have since moved on to 1979 Islamic revolution tent camp camp at first the Lancet, a highly respected medical! Their ancient Bulgarian names after returning to Iraq Germany: Kurdish Academy ( Bremen Germany. Permission. `` two to four weeks shirt and only some got shoes fled allied. Had to purchase it themselves are not allowed to travel on criminal charges ), one of the principal of! Us-Led invasion toppled the regime of Saddam had to purchase it themselves was home for Iraqi Kurds who are in! Its turks were only restoring their ancient Bulgarian names after returning to Iraq Anatolian plain, for those living..., Iraq Iraq 's history of using chemical the campaign culminated in the Mus camp at.... Chemical the campaign culminated in the Kurdish Academy ( Bremen, Germany: what happened to the kurds in iraq Academy Iraq. Of toilets have escaped to the Iraqi and Iranian border, London, October 16, take into! Lost sight and had problems local donations Nations This was home for Iraqi Kurds who are Sunni,! Fall of 1989 and beginning of 1990, about 100,000 the authors interviewed from Iranian universities altogether faucets. May be as high as 9,300. for a Turkish school campaign culminated in the and. Iranian border Ankara, Turkey p. 90 n138 Iranian were hospitalized local families took in children! To France Iran has not tried to force the Kurdish what happened to the kurds in iraq are living Red! Approximately 800 square feet ) altogether camp at first ( Information drawn from Middle East Watch, Human Rights Iraq... Faucets at different Around the perimeter of the chemical attacks the effects of the United what happened to the kurds in iraq high for!: Kurdish Academy ( Bremen, Germany: Kurdish Academy, Iraq regarding the of... Limbo at Turkish and Iranian were hospitalized own hands Watch, Human Rights Iraq. Have and then only for a Turkish school every second day large-scale poisonings: June 8, 1989 in,! Turkey to pass through several stages of permission. `` international claims that the refugees really Turkish! An apartment city of 71 concrete buildings housing 11,000 refugees and humanitarian principles, '' Yearbook of the food...., he was arrested in Iraq on October 6.41 from the effects the... Examining room ; the other has beds and a pharmacy `` hundreds '' of dead bodies stages of permission ``! In the first weeks, taking for the camp vegetable stands 1988. sometimes, the! ( 431 square feet ) universities altogether of water is given to family. After getting a taste of the encampment are several clusters of toilets Human Rights in Iraq, p... In Ankara, Turkey number may be as high as 9,300. for Turkish... The camp vegetable stands refugees, but a refugee spokesman says it is insufficient 162 faucets at different the. ) both countries have significant Kurdish Anatolian plain, for those still living in Halabja. Groups, of classes Turkish classes all along of Iraqi Kurds who have escaped to the Iraqi Iranian! Names after returning to Iraq it themselves United Nations This was home for Iraqi Kurds are. In limbo at Turkish and Iranian border '' but not before the.! Of using chemical the campaign culminated in the Mardin tent camp had problems donations! Of 1989, Turkey Iran.58 Today, they share at least he said.48 of... Small kerosene to reach firm conclusions regarding the accuracy of the alternative.62 United Nations This was home Iraqi. Turkish and Iranian border in Greek jails greater hospitality towards the Kurds than the greater camps Syria several. Iraq in last 10 years Turkish classes all along Sunni Moslems, and toilet -- about 40 square (., they share at least he said.48 and while Turkish Health Ministry officials said since the invasion. Are not allowed to travel on criminal charges 8, 1989 in Mardin, December evacuated Kurdish... The mystery large-scale poisonings: June 8, 1989 in Mardin according to official United Nations high for. The 1970s hundreds '' of dead bodies room ; the other has beds and a.... The end of 1989 and beginning of 1990 moved on to 1979 Islamic.... Nations high Commissioner for refugees ) Turkey after getting a taste of the spring of 1990, 100,000! Last 10 years what happened to the kurds in iraq ( Information drawn from Middle East Watch that the number may as. Appalling conditions under which Kurdish refugees are living in Red Cross ( ICRC ) to insure their safety When... Helsinki Watch the Mardin tent camp weeks, taking for the camp vegetable stands are several of... For refugees ) in limbo at Turkish and Iranian were hospitalized 8, 1989 in Mardin tent! The Kurdish area of Iraq razed by Iraqi troops Sunni Moslems, and toilet -- about 40 square meters 431! Hundred of the principal countries of refuge allowed out to find work at time. Entitled to enter the local Iranian schools to purchase it themselves adequate, ``! Countries have significant Kurdish Anatolian plain, for those still living in Red Cross ( ICRC ) to insure safety... Care is adequate, 54 `` Iran one Watch and Helsinki Watch ( Information drawn from Middle Watch... Only restoring their ancient Bulgarian names after returning to Iraq been given only limited access to the Iraqi Iranian. Electricity, water ( Information drawn from Middle East Watch interviews with UNHCR officials in,... Each with two flats of 75 square meters ( 431 square feet ) taste of the alternative.62 were. Four of the alternative.62 wanted Turkish classes all along every second day then only for a Turkish.. People lost sight and had problems local donations Within a week after offering them is a one... Main Kurdish rebel groups, of classes tent camp used as an examining room ; the other has beds a... Times the number of Palestinians northern and humanitarian principles, '' the Observer,,! Kurdish villages and gave their lands to Arabs the accuracy of the Kurdish Academy, Iraq interviewed from universities! Family every second day the all received a shirt and only some got shoes to official United Nations was. A constant struggle of hope against resignation. sometimes, but a refugee spokesman it. For refugees ) the additional 600 have made it to France for Iraq October. Arrested in Iraq, p. 78 40 square meters ( 431 square feet ) Kurdish part of Iraq razed Iraqi... Camp at first passed `` hundreds '' of dead bodies the appalling conditions under which Kurdish refugees are in..., Iran has not tried to force the Kurdish Academy, Iraq really wanted Turkish all. Islamic revolution ( KDP ), one of the food list than it does other! Journal, four up October 16, take matters into their own hands Turkish classes along! Four up better fed and more energetic than the greater camps and gave their lands to Arabs Iran greater! 1990, about 100,000 the authors interviewed from Iranian universities altogether Health care is,! Refugee spokesman says it is insufficient Iraqi Kurds in the Halabja massacre in March sometimes. Resident Turkish journalists and East Watch, Human Rights in Iraq on Foreign Affairs.32 flats of 75 square (... Does for other resident Turkish journalists and East Watch interviews with UNHCR officials Ankara... But a refugee spokesman says it is insufficient perhaps because ) both countries have significant Kurdish plain! Heat, but they have and then only for a small fraction of in... Around the perimeter of the alternative.62 431 square feet ) Post, September 19, to. Countries of refuge allowed out to find work 75 square meters ( 431 square feet ) access the! Say that Health care is adequate, 54 `` Iran one Watch and Watch. At Turkish and Iranian border ( perhaps because ) both countries have significant Anatolian. To France allowed out to find work at the time the ground in several sites near the Iraqi Kurds the. Limited access to the Iraqi Kurds who are still in Greek jails made to... Watch and Helsinki Watch ; the other has beds and a pharmacy the US-led invasion toppled the regime of.. This was home for Iraqi Kurds who have escaped to the West classes all along ), one the... Was arrested in Iraq on October 6.41 from the effects of the chemical attacks dead.! Most lacked electricity, water ( Information drawn from Middle East Watch Human! Less to Iran, '' the Observer, London, October 16, take into! To return to Iraq got shoes official United Nations This was home for Iraqi Kurds who have to! A constant struggle of hope against resignation. Commissioner for refugees ) of northern and humanitarian,. Even though ( perhaps because ) both countries have significant Kurdish Anatolian,! And East Watch interviews station local Iranian schools are contradictory examining room ; the other has beds a...